Exploring the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Two Argentine Trichoderma afroharzianum Strains.

IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Rodrigo José Nunes Calumby, Antonella Santone, Estefanía Butassi, Laura Andrea Svetaz, Márcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem, Sebastián Pablo Rius, Valeria Alina Campos-Bermudez
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Abstract

Trichoderma spp. produce diverse secondary metabolites with biological activity. This study explored the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of metabolites from two native Trichoderma strains, 10BR1 and UEPA AR12, isolated from rhizospheric soils. Organic extracts from both strains demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as various Candida species, with notable efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (MICs: 15.6-31.25 µg/mL). The extracts also showed antibiofilm activity, with UEPA AR12 exhibiting the highest inhibition against Escherichia coli (81.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (92.8%), Candida albicans (87.9%), and Candida parapsilosis (89.3%). Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH assay, revealed a dose-dependent radical scavenging effect (12.88% to 39.67% at 7.8-1000 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity assays indicated that UEPA AR12 extracts were more cytotoxic (IC50: 202.5-234.3 µg/mL) than 10BR1 (IC50: 368.7-602.1 µg/mL) in non-tumor cells, with similar trends in tumor cells (Huh7). HPLC/MS analysis identified 21 metabolites in the extracts. Genomic analyses, supported by rpb2 gene and phylogenetic clustering, confirmed that both strains were T. afroharzianum. FUNGISMASH revealed multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, predominantly Type I polyketide synthase (T1PKS). Additionally, targeted genomic analyses did not detect mycotoxin-related genes. These findings highlight the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant potentials of these strains, positioning them as sources of bioactive metabolites for pharmaceutical applications.

两株阿根廷非froharzium木霉次生代谢产物的生物活性研究。
木霉产生多种具有生物活性的次生代谢产物。本研究探讨了从根际土壤中分离的两种原生木霉菌株10BR1和UEPA AR12的代谢物的抗菌、抗生物膜、抗氧化和细胞毒特性。两种菌株的有机提取物均表现出广谱抗菌活性,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌以及多种念珠菌均有抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌(mic: 15.6 ~ 31.25µg/mL)有显著的抑制作用。其中UEPA AR12对大肠埃希菌(81.8%)、粪肠球菌(92.8%)、白色念珠菌(87.9%)和假丝酵母菌(89.3%)的抑菌活性最高。通过DPPH测定抗氧化活性,显示出剂量依赖性自由基清除作用(7.8-1000µg/mL)(12.88% ~ 39.67%)。细胞毒性实验表明,UEPA AR12提取物在非肿瘤细胞中的细胞毒性(IC50: 202.5 ~ 234.3µg/mL)高于10BR1 (IC50: 368.7 ~ 602.1µg/mL),在肿瘤细胞中的趋势相似(Huh7)。HPLC/MS分析鉴定出21种代谢物。基于rpb2基因和系统发育聚类的基因组分析证实,这两株菌株均为非洲血吸虫。FUNGISMASH显示了多个生物合成基因簇,主要是I型聚酮合成酶(T1PKS)。此外,靶向基因组分析未检测到霉菌毒素相关基因。这些发现突出了这些菌株的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗氧化潜力,将它们定位为制药应用的生物活性代谢物的来源。
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来源期刊
Journal of Fungi
Journal of Fungi Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
14.90%
发文量
1151
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to pathogenic fungi, fungal biology, and all other aspects of fungal research. The journal publishes reviews, regular research papers, and communications in quarterly issues. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on paper length. Full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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