Acrylamide Impacts on Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Growth, Toxicity, Microbes, and Bioaccumulation Risks for Food/Feed Safety.

IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Insects Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.3390/insects16060585
Jianwei Hao, Jiahui Yang, Yiru Zhang, Shurong Zhao, Shuang Liu, Wenfeng Hu
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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of acrylamide on the growth, neurobehavioral responses, gut integrity, microbial composition, and toxicokinetics of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Larvae were exposed to acrylamide-contaminated diets at 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg (dry weight) to assess dose-dependent impacts. Results revealed that acrylamide exposure delayed larval growth peaks and reduced maximum weights by 6.17-76.01% (12-18 days). Additionally, crawling speed decreased significantly at ≥0.5 mg/kg, indicating neurotoxicity. Trypan blue staining demonstrated dose-dependent midgut damage (2.22% in control vs. 25.56% at 5 mg/kg), correlating with compromised nutrient absorption. Gut microbiota analysis showed enrichment of pathogenic genera (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella) and suppression of beneficial taxa (e.g., Klebsiella), alongside reduced metabolic and immune-related pathways via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Toxicokinetic modeling revealed bioaccumulation, with bioaccumulation factors (BAF) inversely related to substrate concentration (18.67 at 0.05 mg/kg vs. 2.90 at 5 mg/kg). Elimination half-lives (DT50) varied from 3.25 to 8.22 days, suggesting concentration-dependent detoxification efficiency. These findings highlight acrylamide's multifaceted toxicity in BSFL, emphasizing risks in waste valorization and insect-based feed production. This study underscores the need for substrate safety protocols to ensure sustainable applications of BSFL in the circular bioeconomy.

丙烯酰胺对黑兵蝇幼虫的影响:生长、毒性、微生物和食品/饲料安全的生物积累风险。
本研究研究了丙烯酰胺对黑兵蝇幼虫生长、神经行为反应、肠道完整性、微生物组成和毒性动力学的影响。以0.05、0.5和5 mg/kg(干重)浓度的丙烯酰胺污染饲料对幼虫的剂量依赖性影响进行研究。结果表明,暴露于丙烯酰胺可使幼虫生长高峰延迟,最大体重降低6.17 ~ 76.01% (12 ~ 18 d);此外,≥0.5 mg/kg时,爬行速度显著降低,提示神经毒性。台锥蓝染色显示出剂量依赖性中肠损伤(对照组为2.22%,5 mg/kg组为25.56%),与营养吸收受损有关。通过京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析,肠道微生物群分析显示致病属(如埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌)富集,有益类群(如克雷伯氏菌)抑制,同时代谢和免疫相关途径减少。毒物动力学模型显示生物积累,生物积累因子(BAF)与底物浓度呈负相关(0.05 mg/kg时为18.67,5 mg/kg时为2.90)。消除半衰期(DT50)从3.25天到8.22天不等,表明其解毒效率与浓度有关。这些发现突出了丙烯酰胺在BSFL中的多方面毒性,强调了废物增值和昆虫饲料生产中的风险。该研究强调了为确保BSFL在循环生物经济中的可持续应用,需要制定基质安全协议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Insects
Insects Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
10.00%
发文量
1013
审稿时长
21.77 days
期刊介绍: Insects (ISSN 2075-4450) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of entomology published by MDPI online quarterly. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications related to the biology, physiology and the behavior of insects and arthropods. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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