Microfluidic Systems to Mimic the Blood-Brain Barrier: from Market to Engineering Challenges and Perspectives.

IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Gabriela Gomes da Silva, Daniel Pereira Sacomani, Bruna Gregatti de Carvalho, Marimélia Aparecida Porcionatto, Angelo Gobbi, Renato Sousa Lima, Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
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Abstract

Studying and understanding complex biological systems is a challenge that requires technologies that go beyond traditional cell culture methods. Among the new technologies that have been developed in recent times, blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip (BBB-on-a-chip) models are becoming popular. Due to their ability to integrate fluid flow, which is absent in traditional static models, it has been possible to create a cellular microenvironment that mimics blood vessels and blood flow. In addition, the possibility of coculturing different cell types in multicellular models allows the observation of their interactions and increases interest in these systems. With different possibilities in terms of prototyping techniques (e.g., laminate manufacturing, molding, and 3D impression), chip designs (e.g., planar and cylindrical configurations), and materials (e.g., thermoplastics, elastomers, and hydrogels), the number of publications in the BBB research field has significantly increased in the last five years. In parallel, the emergence and consolidation of several companies have made the commercialization and application of these chips possible, mainly in the pharmaceutical area, which is not yet integrated into the drug development pipeline. In this context, the present review describes the intersection between technique, market, and applications that mimic the BBB. We showed organ-on-a-chip (OoC) market growth and the collaborative research between the main OoC supplier companies and industrial collaborators. Also, we present an overview of the primary fabrication methods used in constructing the OoC systems and their application in developing the BBB models. In addition, we discussed the BBB-on-a-chip designs developed in the last five years, including their engineering aspects (such as materials, dimensions, and configuration), characterization, and challenges in mimicking the BBB.

模拟血脑屏障的微流体系统:从市场到工程挑战和观点。
研究和理解复杂的生物系统是一个挑战,需要超越传统细胞培养方法的技术。在最近开发的新技术中,血脑屏障芯片(BBB-on-a-chip)模型越来越受欢迎。由于它们能够整合流体流动,这在传统的静态模型中是不存在的,因此有可能创建一个模拟血管和血液流动的细胞微环境。此外,在多细胞模型中共培养不同细胞类型的可能性允许观察它们的相互作用,并增加对这些系统的兴趣。由于原型技术(例如,层压板制造,成型和3D压模),芯片设计(例如,平面和圆柱形配置)和材料(例如,热塑性塑料,弹性体和水凝胶)方面的不同可能性,在过去五年中,BBB研究领域的出版物数量显着增加。与此同时,几家公司的出现和整合使得这些芯片的商业化和应用成为可能,主要是在尚未纳入药物开发管道的制药领域。在此背景下,本综述描述了模拟血脑屏障的技术、市场和应用之间的交集。我们展示了器官芯片(OoC)市场的增长以及主要OoC供应商公司和工业合作者之间的合作研究。此外,我们还概述了用于构建OoC系统的主要制造方法及其在开发BBB模型中的应用。此外,我们还讨论了过去五年开发的片上BBB设计,包括其工程方面(如材料,尺寸和配置),表征以及模仿BBB的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Materials Science-Biomaterials
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
3.40%
发文量
413
期刊介绍: ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering is the leading journal in the field of biomaterials, serving as an international forum for publishing cutting-edge research and innovative ideas on a broad range of topics: Applications and Health – implantable tissues and devices, prosthesis, health risks, toxicology Bio-interactions and Bio-compatibility – material-biology interactions, chemical/morphological/structural communication, mechanobiology, signaling and biological responses, immuno-engineering, calcification, coatings, corrosion and degradation of biomaterials and devices, biophysical regulation of cell functions Characterization, Synthesis, and Modification – new biomaterials, bioinspired and biomimetic approaches to biomaterials, exploiting structural hierarchy and architectural control, combinatorial strategies for biomaterials discovery, genetic biomaterials design, synthetic biology, new composite systems, bionics, polymer synthesis Controlled Release and Delivery Systems – biomaterial-based drug and gene delivery, bio-responsive delivery of regulatory molecules, pharmaceutical engineering Healthcare Advances – clinical translation, regulatory issues, patient safety, emerging trends Imaging and Diagnostics – imaging agents and probes, theranostics, biosensors, monitoring Manufacturing and Technology – 3D printing, inks, organ-on-a-chip, bioreactor/perfusion systems, microdevices, BioMEMS, optics and electronics interfaces with biomaterials, systems integration Modeling and Informatics Tools – scaling methods to guide biomaterial design, predictive algorithms for structure-function, biomechanics, integrating bioinformatics with biomaterials discovery, metabolomics in the context of biomaterials Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine – basic and applied studies, cell therapies, scaffolds, vascularization, bioartificial organs, transplantation and functionality, cellular agriculture
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