Optimizing surgical ergonomics in otolaryngology: an evidence-based toolkit

Abstract

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) or pain are virtually universal in otolaryngology - head and neck (OHN) surgeons. Inherent to OHN surgery are narrow surgical corridors that require precise navigation between critical anatomic structures using loupes, microscopes, endoscopes, exoscopes, and robotic devices, all of which present unique ergonomic risk if not used properly. Despite a vast and expanding body of literature describing the burden of WRMD in OHN surgery, through survey studies, there are few clear guidelines for navigating and optimizing in-office and operating room ergonomic environments. The following guide will serve as a “primer” for otolaryngologists to critically evaluate and revise their ergonomic workplace to maximize physical comfort and enhance surgeon longevity. The burden of ergonomic risk will be established, followed by specialty and visualization specific guides for troubleshooting the ergonomic workspace, concluding with an overview of evidence-based interventions for improving ergonomic configurations.