Stemflow Hydrodynamics

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Gabriel G. Katul, Bavand Keshavarz, Amirreza Meydani, Delphis F. Levia
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Abstract

Stemflow hydrodynamics is the study of water movement along the exterior surface area of plants. Its primary goal is to describe water velocity and water depth along the stem surface area. Its significance in enriching the rhizosphere with water and nutrients is not in dispute. Yet, the hydrodynamics of stemflow have been entirely overlooked. This review seeks to fill this knowledge gap by drawing from thin film theories to seek outcomes at the tree scale. The depth-averaged conservation equations of water and solute mass are derived at a point. These equations are then supplemented with the conservation of momentum that is required to describe water velocities or relations between water velocities and water depth. Relevant forces pertinent to momentum conservation are covered and include body forces (gravitational effects), surface forces (wall friction), line forces (surface tension), and inertial effects. The inclusion of surface tension opens new vistas into the richness and complexity of stemflow hydrodynamics. Flow instabilities such as fingering, pinching of water columns into droplets, accumulation of water within fissures due to surface tension and their sudden release are prime examples that link observed spatial patterns of stemflow fronts and morphological characteristics of the bark. Aggregating these effects at the tree- and storm- scales are featured using published experiments. The review discusses outstanding challenges pertaining to stemflow hydrodynamics, the use of dynamic similarity and 3D printing to enable the interplay between field studies and controlled laboratory experiments.

Abstract Image

树干茎流流体力学
茎流流体动力学是研究水沿植物外表面运动的学科。它的主要目标是描述沿茎表面区域的水流速度和水深。它在丰富根际水分和养分方面的重要性是无可争议的。然而,茎流的流体动力学完全被忽视了。这篇综述试图通过从薄膜理论中寻求树尺度的结果来填补这一知识空白。在某一点上导出了水和溶质质量的深度平均守恒方程。然后用动量守恒来补充这些方程,动量守恒是描述水的速度或水的速度与水深之间的关系所必需的。与动量守恒相关的力包括物体力(重力效应)、表面力(壁面摩擦)、线力(表面张力)和惯性效应。表面张力的包含为茎流流体动力学的丰富性和复杂性打开了新的前景。流动的不稳定性,如指触、水柱挤压成水滴、由于表面张力而在裂缝中积聚水分以及它们的突然释放,是将观察到的茎流锋面的空间模式与树皮的形态特征联系起来的主要例子。利用已发表的实验,在树木和风暴尺度上综合这些效应。该综述讨论了与茎流流体动力学相关的突出挑战,动态相似性和3D打印的使用,以实现现场研究和受控实验室实验之间的相互作用。
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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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