Less is more? Differences of social impacts on farm workers in short/long agricultural supply chains in Spain

IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY
Carmen Capdevila , Nathalie Iofrida , Anna De Luca , Elsa Varela
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations in Europe. Practices such as the use of pesticides, physically demanding tasks, and long working hours are more common than in other sectors. Health risks jeopardise the transition to sustainable agriculture, affecting the well-being of farmers and workers. Although the economic and environmental sustainability of development strategies adopted by farms to thrive (i.e., economies of scale or specialisation vs. economies of scope or diversification) have been extensively studied, there is comparatively less research on how these different models affect workers' and farmers’ health. This paper assesses the social impacts of six farms in two farming systems in northeastern Spain to disentangle the effect that their contrasted productive strategies and value chain structures have on the social impacts of agricultural production. For this purpose, the Psychosocial Risk Factor (PRF) methodology was used. PRF is an impact pathway method within Social Life Cycle Assessment. It was used to establish an impact pathway between agricultural tasks, working conditions, and possible social risks, which allowed the quantification of impacts. Specific data on working hours allocated to each farm task were collected through a farmer survey. The results showed that farms in both case studies had the highest impacts related to the musculoskeletal system and articulations, even in farms that operate in the highly mechanised agro-industrial model. Since harvesting is the task to which they dedicate more time and remains mostly manual, mechanisation of certain tasks may not lead to an improvement in terms of hours of exposure to these risks. Regarding PRF hours per hectare, farms specialised in fruit production are less sustainable, since they are more intensive in labour demand. The smaller and more diversified farms use fewer mechanical labour and chemical pesticides per hectare, resulting in minor exposure to the overall health risks. Finally, our research highlights the crucial role of middle ground practices in improving sustainability by integrating agro-ecological methods into conventional agriculture, underscoring the importance of considering trade-offs between different productive and value chain structures.

Abstract Image

少即是多?西班牙农业短/长供应链对农场工人社会影响的差异
农业是欧洲最危险的职业之一。与其他行业相比,使用杀虫剂、体力劳动和长时间工作等做法更为普遍。健康风险危及向可持续农业的过渡,影响农民和工人的福祉。虽然对农场为繁荣而采取的发展战略(即规模经济或专业化与范围经济或多样化)的经济和环境可持续性进行了广泛研究,但对这些不同模式如何影响工人和农民健康的研究相对较少。本文评估了西班牙东北部两种农业系统中六个农场的社会影响,以理清它们对比的生产策略和价值链结构对农业生产社会影响的影响。为此,采用了社会心理风险因素(PRF)方法。PRF是社会生命周期评价中的一种影响路径方法。它被用来建立农业任务、劳动条件和可能的社会风险之间的影响路径,从而可以量化影响。通过农民调查收集了分配给每个农场任务的工作时间的具体数据。结果表明,在这两个案例研究中,农场对肌肉骨骼系统和关节的影响最大,即使是在高度机械化的农业-工业模式下运作的农场。由于采收是他们投入更多时间的任务,而且大部分仍然是手工的,因此某些任务的机械化可能不会导致暴露于这些风险的时间的改善。就每公顷PRF小时而言,专门从事水果生产的农场的可持续性较差,因为它们的劳动力需求更密集。规模较小和更多样化的农场每公顷使用较少的机械劳动力和化学农药,因此受到的总体健康风险较小。最后,我们的研究强调了通过将农业生态方法整合到传统农业中来提高可持续性的中间实践的关键作用,强调了考虑不同生产和价值链结构之间权衡的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
9.80%
发文量
286
期刊介绍: The Journal of Rural Studies publishes research articles relating to such rural issues as society, demography, housing, employment, transport, services, land-use, recreation, agriculture and conservation. The focus is on those areas encompassing extensive land-use, with small-scale and diffuse settlement patterns and communities linked into the surrounding landscape and milieux. Particular emphasis will be given to aspects of planning policy and management. The journal is international and interdisciplinary in scope and content.
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