Effect of cultivar selection on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield traits of pea cultivars in intercropping with wheat.

Discover agriculture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-19 DOI:10.1007/s44279-025-00261-0
Chathuranga De Silva, Pramod Rathor, Thomas D Warkentin, Hari P Poudel, Malinda S Thilakarathna
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Abstract

In recent decades, agricultural practices have shifted from diverse cropping systems to monocropping, leading to soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and reduced biodiversity, which threaten long-term productivity and ecosystem sustainability. This study aimed to explore how legume cultivar selection influences pea (Pisum sativum L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropping, focusing on symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, yield, seed N, and land productivity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using various pea cultivars that were released in different decades [Century (1960), Trapper (1970), CDC Golden (2002), CDC Amarillo (2012), and CDC Spectrum (2016)] under monocropping and intercropping with wheat to evaluate the yield parameters and symbiotic N fixation capabilities of pea. The old, long-vined pea cultivars (Century and Trapper) had higher seed dry weight (62.9-66.3%), number of pods (82.7-100%) and number of seeds (126.9-163.5%) than the newer, moderate vine length cultivars (CDC Golden, CDC Amarillo and CDC Spectrum) under intercropping. On the other hand, the companion wheat crop had a greater yield (29.8-69.9%) and seed N (31.1-65.5%) when intercropped with the newer pea cultivars. Intercropping enhanced N fixation (0.7-7.5%) in peas across cultivars; however, the older cultivars contributed more to the overall system's N fixation and N carry-over compared to the newer cultivars. While the harvest index, land equivalent ratio (LER), and N-based LER (LERN) of intercropped wheat were not significantly higher than mono-cropped wheat, the increased partial LER and LERN for wheat highlight intercropping benefits. Overall, newer pea cultivars enhanced pea-wheat intercropping by improving productivity and resource efficiency, highlighting the importance of legume cultivar selection in intercropping.

Graphical abstract:

品种选择对小麦间作豌豆品种共生固氮及产量性状的影响。
近几十年来,农业实践已从多样化种植制度转向单一种植制度,导致土壤退化、养分枯竭和生物多样性减少,威胁到长期生产力和生态系统的可持续性。本研究旨在探讨豆科植物品种选择对豌豆-小麦间作的影响,重点关注共生固氮、产量、种子氮素和土地生产力。采用不同年代发布的多种豌豆品种[Century(1960)、Trapper(1970)、CDC Golden(2002)、CDC Amarillo(2012)和CDC Spectrum(2016)],在单作和小麦间作条件下进行了温室试验,以评估豌豆的产量参数和共生固氮能力。套作条件下,长藤老品种(Century和Trapper)的种子干重(62.9 ~ 66.3%)、荚果数(82.7 ~ 100%)和种子数(126.9 ~ 163.5%)均高于中长藤新品种(CDC Golden、CDC Amarillo和CDC Spectrum)。另一方面,间作的伴生小麦产量(29.8 ~ 69.9%)和种子氮含量(31.1 ~ 65.5%)均高于新豌豆品种。间作提高不同品种豌豆固氮量(0.7 ~ 7.5%);然而,与新品种相比,老品种对整个系统的氮固定和氮携带贡献更大。间作小麦的收获指数、土地等效比(LER)和氮基比(LERN)均不显著高于单作小麦,但部分LER和LERN的增加突出了间作小麦的效益。总的来说,新豌豆品种通过提高产量和资源效率来提高豌豆小麦间作,突出了豆科作物间作选择的重要性。图形化的简介:
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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