The Paediatric BCG Vaccine Century: From Historical Success to Future Innovations

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Acta Paediatrica Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI:10.1111/apa.70182

Stefan H. E. Kaufmann

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

The tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG), protects infants against severe forms of primary TB. Yet, it does not protect against pulmonary reactivation TB in adults.

Methods

A literature review was conducted between 1st January and 28th February 2025 using PubMed, Google Scholar and reports of the World Health Organization.

Results

Protection against TB includes innate and acquired cellular immunity and infants are more susceptible due to immature immunity. Immunopathology of infant TB is characterised by formation of small granulomas in the lung often followed by dissemination to other organs. Infection in adults is frequently contained until immunity is weakened and TB disease develops. Novel vaccines are being developed mostly for adolescents and adults, but two live attenuated vaccines are currently assessed in infants in Phase III clinical trials. Globally, TB remains a major health threat and countries of the global south bear the major TB burden. Today, Sweden, similar to other high-income countries, has a low incidence. General vaccination has therefore been terminated and targeted BCG vaccination is offered to infants at higher risk.

Conclusion

Together with short-treatment and rapid diagnosis, novel vaccines profoundly contribute to the fight against TB in all age groups.

查看原文本刊更多论文

儿科卡介苗世纪：从历史成功到未来创新。

目的：结核病（TB）疫苗卡介苗（bacille - calmette - gusamrin， BCG）可以保护婴儿免受严重形式的原发性结核病的侵害。然而，它不能预防成人肺再活动性结核病。方法：采用PubMed、谷歌Scholar和世界卫生组织的报告，于2025年1月1日至2月28日进行文献综述。结果：对结核病的保护包括先天和获得性细胞免疫，由于免疫不成熟，婴儿更容易感染。婴儿结核病的免疫病理特征是在肺部形成小肉芽肿，通常随后播散到其他器官。成人感染通常得到控制，直到免疫力减弱并发展为结核病。目前正在开发的新型疫苗主要用于青少年和成人，但目前正在III期临床试验中对婴儿进行两种减毒活疫苗的评估。在全球范围内，结核病仍然是一个主要的健康威胁，全球南方国家承担着主要的结核病负担。今天，瑞典和其他高收入国家一样，发病率很低。因此，已终止一般疫苗接种，并向风险较高的婴儿提供有针对性的卡介苗疫苗。结论：新型疫苗加上短时间治疗和快速诊断，对所有年龄组的结核病防治作出了重大贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Acta Paediatrica 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

5.30%

发文量

384

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Acta Paediatrica is a peer-reviewed monthly journal at the forefront of international pediatric research. It covers both clinical and experimental research in all areas of pediatrics including: neonatal medicine developmental medicine adolescent medicine child health and environment psychosomatic pediatrics child health in developing countries