{"title":"GLI3 in Archaic Humans: Possible Contributions to Human Skeletal and Brain Evolution","authors":"Tadashi Nomura, Ako Agata, Nguyen Thi My Trinh","doi":"10.1111/dgd.70015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Neanderthals, an extinct hominid, lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. According to fossils, Neanderthals had distinctive anatomical features compared to modern humans, including a long front-to-back cranium, low frontal bones, and strong skeletal formation. Furthermore, Neanderthals had large brains similar to those of modern humans, but their brain morphology was different from ours, suggesting that they had different cognitive abilities than modern humans. Recent archaic human genome analysis has unveiled genetic changes underlying Neanderthals' or modern human–specific anatomical and physiological traits. In this review, we focus on the role of <i>GLI3</i>, a key molecule that mediates Hedgehog signaling during vertebrate organogenesis. We discuss possible contributions of <i>GLI3</i>-mediated hedgehog signaling to human anatomical diversifications, including neocortical structures, which provide insights into the genetic and developmental bases for modern human evolution.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50589,"journal":{"name":"Development Growth & Differentiation","volume":"67 6","pages":"306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Development Growth & Differentiation","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dgd.70015","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Neanderthals, an extinct hominid, lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. According to fossils, Neanderthals had distinctive anatomical features compared to modern humans, including a long front-to-back cranium, low frontal bones, and strong skeletal formation. Furthermore, Neanderthals had large brains similar to those of modern humans, but their brain morphology was different from ours, suggesting that they had different cognitive abilities than modern humans. Recent archaic human genome analysis has unveiled genetic changes underlying Neanderthals' or modern human–specific anatomical and physiological traits. In this review, we focus on the role of GLI3, a key molecule that mediates Hedgehog signaling during vertebrate organogenesis. We discuss possible contributions of GLI3-mediated hedgehog signaling to human anatomical diversifications, including neocortical structures, which provide insights into the genetic and developmental bases for modern human evolution.
期刊介绍：
Development Growth & Differentiation (DGD) publishes three types of articles: original, resource, and review papers.
Original papers are on any subjects having a context in development, growth, and differentiation processes in animals, plants, and microorganisms, dealing with molecular, genetic, cellular and organismal phenomena including metamorphosis and regeneration, while using experimental, theoretical, and bioinformatic approaches. Papers on other related fields are also welcome, such as stem cell biology, genomics, neuroscience, Evodevo, Ecodevo, and medical science as well as related methodology (new or revised techniques) and bioresources.
Resource papers describe a dataset, such as whole genome sequences and expressed sequence tags (ESTs), with some biological insights, which should be valuable for studying the subjects as mentioned above.
Submission of review papers is also encouraged, especially those providing a new scope based on the authors’ own study, or a summarization of their study series.
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