The Evolution of Virulence: An Ecological Perspective.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY
Andrew Dobson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The evolution of pathogen virulence is a central question in evolutionary epidemiology. This review examines the development of these ideas over the last 75 years from an ecological perspective using a mixture of theoretical and empirical studies. I begin with Fenner's work on myxomatosis, which led to the key concept that trade-offs exist between transmission and virulence in pathogen life histories. I then consider how models of Fenner's study gradually developed into a major area of theoretical epidemiology. The emerging concepts were constantly challenged by new empirical studies that illustrated how virulence may be modified by culling, vaccination, and different forms of heterogeneity within and between species and spatial heterogeneity. The emerging field of phylodynamics has provided multiple new tools to analyze and visualize the evolution of virulence and a much broader perspective on the diversity of viruses and their hosts. I conclude with a brief discussion of possible future directions of study.

毒力的进化:生态学的观点。
病原体毒力的进化是进化流行病学的一个核心问题。本文结合理论和实证研究,从生态学的角度考察了过去75年来这些观点的发展。我从芬纳关于黏液瘤病的研究开始,他的研究引出了一个关键的概念,即在病原体的生活史中,传播和毒性之间存在着权衡。然后,我考虑芬纳研究的模型如何逐渐发展成为理论流行病学的一个主要领域。新兴概念不断受到新的实证研究的挑战,这些研究说明了毒力如何通过扑杀、疫苗接种、物种内部和物种之间不同形式的异质性以及空间异质性来改变。系统动力学的新兴领域提供了多种新的工具来分析和可视化毒力的进化,并为病毒及其宿主的多样性提供了更广阔的视角。最后,我简要讨论了未来可能的研究方向。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Virology serves as a conduit for disseminating thrilling advancements in our comprehension of viruses spanning animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Its reviews illuminate novel concepts and trajectories in basic virology, elucidating viral disease mechanisms, exploring virus-host interactions, and scrutinizing cellular and immune responses to virus infection. These reviews underscore the exceptional capacity of viruses as potent probes for investigating cellular function.
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