Modern Approaches to Diabetes: The Role of Phytochemicals in Targeting Molecular Receptors.

IF 3.3 4区医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Current topics in medicinal chemistry Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI:10.2174/0115680266352449250612211106

Satyapriya Mahapatra, Ghanshyam Panigrani, Lorie Dehury, Anshuman Gouda, Diptirani Rath

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the impaired utilization of glucose, insulin resistance, or reduced insulin production. Although conventional pharmacologic agents like metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones are effective in regulating elevated blood glucose levels, they are often associated with some adverse effects, such as weight gain and liver problems. The present review summarizes the possibility of using phytochemicals as safer alternatives for the management of DM by modulation of molecular receptors.

Methods: Several studies have reported that certain antioxidant phytochemicals exhibit inhibitory effects on key signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity under in vitro conditions. Therefore, this review will focus on the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in modulating molecular targets, such as PPARs, GPR119, free fatty acid (FFA) receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, and others. For this purpose, a systematic and extensive literature search was carried out to obtain relevant data, focusing on the prospect of phytochemicals in modulating molecular receptors for diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Electronic databases, including Pub- Med, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were accessed for articles up to March 2025.

Results: Curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin are bioactive molecules that increase the sensitivity of the body to insulin and protect the pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress. Natural agents, such as garlic, green tea, and blackcurrants, possess an antidiabetic action by inhibiting enzymes, such as α-glucosidase, and increasing the uptake of glucose. The co-administration of synthetic drugs along with natural agents has a synergistic effect in improving glycemic control with fewer side effects. Examples include resveratrol with metformin or curcumin with thiazolidinediones.

Conclusion: The findings of this review should be validated at the clinical level in future research studies, including toxicity profiling and formulation optimization, to maximize the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in the management of DM.

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糖尿病的现代治疗方法：植物化学物质在靶向分子受体中的作用。

糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性代谢性疾病，其特征是葡萄糖利用受损、胰岛素抵抗或胰岛素生成减少。虽然传统的药物如二甲双胍、磺脲类药物和噻唑烷二酮类药物对调节升高的血糖水平有效，但它们通常伴有一些副作用，如体重增加和肝脏问题。本文综述了利用植物化学物质作为通过调节分子受体来管理糖尿病的更安全的替代品的可能性。方法：一些研究报道了某些抗氧化植物化学物质在体外条件下对葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素敏感性的关键信号通路具有抑制作用。因此，本文将重点介绍植物化学物质在调节分子靶点方面的治疗潜力，如PPARs、GPR119、游离脂肪酸（FFA）受体、糖皮质激素受体等。为此，我们进行了系统和广泛的文献检索，以获取相关数据，重点关注植物化学物质在调节糖尿病（DM）分子受体方面的前景。电子数据库，包括Pub- Med， Scopus， ScienceDirect和谷歌Scholar，可访问到2025年3月的文章。结果：姜黄素、白藜芦醇和槲皮素是提高机体对胰岛素敏感性和保护胰腺β细胞免受氧化应激的生物活性分子。天然药物，如大蒜、绿茶和黑加仑，具有抗糖尿病作用，通过抑制酶，如α-葡萄糖苷酶，并增加葡萄糖的摄取。合成药物与天然药物联合使用，在改善血糖控制方面具有协同作用，副作用少。例如白藜芦醇与二甲双胍或姜黄素与噻唑烷二酮。结论：本综述的研究结果应在未来的临床研究中得到验证，包括毒性分析和配方优化，以最大限度地发挥植物化学物质在糖尿病治疗中的治疗潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current topics in medicinal chemistry 医学-医药化学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

2.90%

发文量

186

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry is a forum for the review of areas of keen and topical interest to medicinal chemists and others in the allied disciplines. Each issue is solely devoted to a specific topic, containing six to nine reviews, which provide the reader a comprehensive survey of that area. A Guest Editor who is an expert in the topic under review, will assemble each issue. The scope of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry will cover all areas of medicinal chemistry, including current developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug distribution, metabolism, new and emerging drug targets, natural products, pharmacogenomics, and structure-activity relationships. Medicinal chemistry is a rapidly maturing discipline. The study of how structure and function are related is absolutely essential to understanding the molecular basis of life. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders. The journal is essential for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important advances.