Facile construction of highly efficient MXene-based P-N biomass intumescent flame retardant system to improve the fire safety of EP coating using mechanochemistry
{"title":"Facile construction of highly efficient MXene-based P-N biomass intumescent flame retardant system to improve the fire safety of EP coating using mechanochemistry","authors":"Jirui Qu, Biyu Huang, Gaoyuan Li, Wenbo Sun, Haopeng Zhang, Yanyue Shi, Lei Liu, Xilei Chen, Chuanmei Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111498","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of MXene-based epoxy (EP) coatings with superior fireproofing properties has garnered significant attention for aerospace applications. In this study, MXene@PAA was obtained by simultaneously exfoliating multilayer MXene and reacting it with phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N)-containing biomass-derived phytate ammonium (PAA) via a mechanochemical ball-milling approach. This nanohybrid was then incorporated into EP matrix to construct an intumescent flame-retardant system (IFRs) exhibiting exceptional fire safety, thermal shielding, and hydrophobic de-icing performance. Notably, MXene@PAA significantly enhanced the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and toxicity reduction of EP coatings even at low loading levels. Remarkably, with only 4 wt % MXene@PAA, EP coating achieved a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.8 %. Furthermore, compared to pure EP, the EP-4MXene@PAA sample demonstrated a 77.85 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR), a 38.81 % decrease in total heat release (THR), and 77.71 % and 77.52 % reductions in peak CO (pCOP) and CO<sub>2</sub> production (pCO<sub>2</sub>P), respectively. Meanwhile, the char residue mass increased by 63.96 %, while the expansion height of the char residue layer rose from 0.5 cm to 3.6 cm. In addition, EP-4MXene@PAA not only has significantly better thermal shielding performance, but also has a significantly faster rate of surface ice melting and sliding. This work offers an effective method for creating multifunctional MXene-based nanohybrid and related polymer nanocomposites, showing great potential for next-generation fire-safe aerospace materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391025003271","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The development of MXene-based epoxy (EP) coatings with superior fireproofing properties has garnered significant attention for aerospace applications. In this study, MXene@PAA was obtained by simultaneously exfoliating multilayer MXene and reacting it with phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N)-containing biomass-derived phytate ammonium (PAA) via a mechanochemical ball-milling approach. This nanohybrid was then incorporated into EP matrix to construct an intumescent flame-retardant system (IFRs) exhibiting exceptional fire safety, thermal shielding, and hydrophobic de-icing performance. Notably, MXene@PAA significantly enhanced the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and toxicity reduction of EP coatings even at low loading levels. Remarkably, with only 4 wt % MXene@PAA, EP coating achieved a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.8 %. Furthermore, compared to pure EP, the EP-4MXene@PAA sample demonstrated a 77.85 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR), a 38.81 % decrease in total heat release (THR), and 77.71 % and 77.52 % reductions in peak CO (pCOP) and CO2 production (pCO2P), respectively. Meanwhile, the char residue mass increased by 63.96 %, while the expansion height of the char residue layer rose from 0.5 cm to 3.6 cm. In addition, EP-4MXene@PAA not only has significantly better thermal shielding performance, but also has a significantly faster rate of surface ice melting and sliding. This work offers an effective method for creating multifunctional MXene-based nanohybrid and related polymer nanocomposites, showing great potential for next-generation fire-safe aerospace materials.
期刊介绍:
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.