Edge AIoT-based agricultural recommendation platform to improve humus productivity in vermicomposting processes

Abstract

Climate change represents a critical threat to global food security, affecting agricultural production and exacerbating the food crisis projected by the FAO for 2050. Soil recovery and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic farming, are essential to address this challenge. Smart organic farming improves soil quality, crop productivity, and water retention capacity. In this context, vermiculture, which utilizes Eisenia Foetida (red worms), plays a fundamental role. This article highlights how humus production through vermiculture has been significantly optimized through an Edge AIoT platform that integrates an agricultural recommendation system based on bio-inspired algorithms, an LSTM network for predicting humus and worm populations, and a control system to regulate variables such as temperature, humidity, and pH. The results show an increase in humus production from 37.58% to 87.88% and in the worm population from 35.5% to 83%. Vermicompost, obtained through the non-thermophilic biodegradation of organic waste by worms, acts as a crucial biofertilizer that sustainably increases crop yields and helps farmers adapt to environmental stresses, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, seven experiments were conducted in which the Edge AIoT-based agricultural recommendation platform optimized the vermicomposting process, improving efficiency and productivity in humus production. This technological approach not only mitigates the impact of climate change but also supports the recovery of degraded soils and promotes sustainable agricultural practices essential for ensuring future food security.