Hanna Lee , Jinho Choi , Amar Prasad Gupta , Jaekyu Jang , Jaeik Jung , Moonkyoo Kong , Kyung-Sik Yoon , Jehwang Ryu
{"title":"Characterization of a carbon nanotube-based X-ray microbeam generation system for low-dose radiobiology","authors":"Hanna Lee , Jinho Choi , Amar Prasad Gupta , Jaekyu Jang , Jaeik Jung , Moonkyoo Kong , Kyung-Sik Yoon , Jehwang Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112567","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field emission system to generate low-dose X-ray microbeams, aimed at radiobiological studies requiring precise dose control. The CNT emitter was directly synthesized on a metal alloy substrate in a radial pattern to enhance field emission performance, achieving a stable emission current of 3 mA at −14 kV in both continuous and pulsed modes. Simulations and experiments confirmed that an emitter-to-window distance of 20 mm provided the highest electron collision efficiency (16.14 %) with minimal scattering. A linear relationship between input power (0.5–70 W) and radiation dose (0.01–3.2 cGy) enabled predictable and adjustable dose delivery. Moreover, the pulsed irradiation capability of the system facilitated temporal modulation through different duty cycles. Cell viability studies (1–10 cGy) revealed distinct responses to continuous versus pulsed exposure, underscoring the potential of the system for investigating adaptive mechanisms and hormesis effects in low-dose radiation biology. This compact, CNT-based X-ray source offers precise spatiotemporal dose control in dual operational modes, opening new opportunities for systematically exploring radiobiological phenomena under low-dose conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 112567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Diamond and Related Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925963525006247","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field emission system to generate low-dose X-ray microbeams, aimed at radiobiological studies requiring precise dose control. The CNT emitter was directly synthesized on a metal alloy substrate in a radial pattern to enhance field emission performance, achieving a stable emission current of 3 mA at −14 kV in both continuous and pulsed modes. Simulations and experiments confirmed that an emitter-to-window distance of 20 mm provided the highest electron collision efficiency (16.14 %) with minimal scattering. A linear relationship between input power (0.5–70 W) and radiation dose (0.01–3.2 cGy) enabled predictable and adjustable dose delivery. Moreover, the pulsed irradiation capability of the system facilitated temporal modulation through different duty cycles. Cell viability studies (1–10 cGy) revealed distinct responses to continuous versus pulsed exposure, underscoring the potential of the system for investigating adaptive mechanisms and hormesis effects in low-dose radiation biology. This compact, CNT-based X-ray source offers precise spatiotemporal dose control in dual operational modes, opening new opportunities for systematically exploring radiobiological phenomena under low-dose conditions.
期刊介绍:
DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices.
The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.