[Research progress in biomechanics of different fixation methods for medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy].

Abstract

Objective: To summarize the biomechanical research progress on different fixation methods in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and provide references for selecting appropriate fixation methods in clinical applications of MOWHTO for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Recent domestic and international literature on the biomechanical studies of MOWHTO fixation methods was reviewed to analyze the characteristics and biomechanical performance of various fixation techniques.

Results: The medial-specific osteotomy plate system has become the mainstream due to its high stiffness and stability, but issues such as soft tissue irritation and stress shielding remain. The use of filler blocks significantly enhances fixation stability and promotes bone healing when the osteotomy gap is large, reducing axial displacement by 73%-76% and decreasing plate stress by 90%. Auxiliary screws improve axial and torsional stability, particularly in cases with large correction angles, effectively preventing lateral hinge fractures. Alternative fixation methods like external fixators hold unique clinical value by minimizing soft tissue irritation and allowing postoperative adjustment.

Conclusion: There is currently no unified standard for selecting MOWHTO fixation methods. Clinical decisions should comprehensively consider factors such as bone quality, correction angle, and postoperative rehabilitation needs.