Battery electric vehicles show the lowest carbon footprints among passenger cars across 1.5-3.0 °C energy decarbonisation pathways.

IF 8.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1038/s43247-025-02447-2
Joris Šimaitis, Rick Lupton, Christopher Vagg, Isabela Butnar, Romain Sacchi, Stephen Allen
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Abstract

Passenger car carbon footprints are highly sensitive to future energy systems, a factor often overlooked in life cycle assessment. We use a time-dependent prospective life cycle assessment to enhance carbon footprints under four 1.5-3.0 °C decarbonisation pathways for electricity, fuel, and hydrogen from an energy-based integrated assessment model. Across 5000 comparative cases, battery electric vehicles consistently have the lowest carbon footprints compared to hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles. For example, battery electric vehicles show an average 32 to 47% lower footprint than hybrid combustion in 3.0 °C and 1.5 °C climate-compatible futures, respectively. This is driven by greater projected decarbonisation of electricity compared to fossil-dominated fuels and hydrogen. Battery electric vehicles meaningfully retain their advantage for mileages over 100,000 km, even in regions with carbon-intensive electricity since these are anticipated to decarbonise the most. Although our study supports battery electric vehicles as the most reliable climate-mitigation option for passenger cars, reducing their high manufacturing footprint remains important.

在1.5-3.0°C的能源脱碳途径中,纯电动汽车的碳足迹在乘用车中最低。
乘用车碳足迹对未来能源系统高度敏感,这是生命周期评估中经常被忽视的一个因素。我们使用基于时间的前瞻性生命周期评估,从基于能源的综合评估模型中增强电力、燃料和氢气在1.5-3.0°C脱碳途径下的碳足迹。在5000个比较案例中,与混合动力汽车、插电式混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车相比,纯电动汽车的碳足迹一直最低。例如,在3.0°C和1.5°C气候兼容的未来,纯电动汽车的碳足迹平均比混合动力汽车低32%至47%。这是由于与化石燃料和氢相比,预计电力的脱碳程度更高。电池电动汽车在行驶里程超过10万公里的情况下仍保持着优势,即使在碳密集型电力地区也是如此,因为预计这些地区的脱碳速度最快。尽管我们的研究支持电池电动汽车是乘用车最可靠的气候缓解选择,但减少其高制造足迹仍然很重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Communications Earth & Environment
Communications Earth & Environment Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.50%
发文量
269
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Communications Earth & Environment is an open access journal from Nature Portfolio publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances that bring new insight to a specialized area in Earth science, planetary science or environmental science. Communications Earth & Environment has a 2-year impact factor of 7.9 (2022 Journal Citation Reports®). Articles published in the journal in 2022 were downloaded 1,412,858 times. Median time from submission to the first editorial decision is 8 days.
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