{"title":"Development of a green polymer-based sensor for enhanced iron detection in diverse biological, food and environmental matrices.","authors":"Rania A Hussien","doi":"10.1016/j.ab.2025.115927","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The determination of iron in fortified biological and foods samples is mandatory by many global regulatory agencies. A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) composed of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the polymer matrix, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) serving as the plasticizer, and methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) acting as the carrier, has proven effective for the preconcentration and analysis of iron. This method utilizes 2-(2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine-4-ylazo) benzoic acid (AHPAB) as a complexing agent, enabling a straightforward colorimetric detection process. Adjusting the chemical and physical factors influencing membrane efficiency expanded its practical applications. The Fe<sup>3+</sup> transport remained consistent under the optimum conditions used in fabricating the PIM. Additionally, employing an acetate buffer at pH 3.66 as the stripping phase facilitated efficient Fe<sup>3+</sup> transfer, even in the presence of significant competing anions within the analyzed samples. Total iron content was measured after an on-line oxidation process where Fe<sup>2+</sup> was converted to Fe<sup>3+</sup> using a hydrogen peroxide stream. The Fe<sup>2+</sup> concentration was determined by subtracting the Fe<sup>3+</sup> value from the total iron concentration. Mass calibration was achieved within the range compatible with ICP-AES. The detection limit, defined as 3σ<sub>sβ</sub>/S, was 1.75 ng/mL. Repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) from nine measurements at 60 ng/mL, was 1.75%, while the inter-sensor repeatability across five chelating sensors was 2.5%. Furthermore, highlight the potential advantages of incorporating AHPAB into PIMs, such as improved stability, reusability, and enhanced selectivity for Fe ions was achieved. The validated PIM-based method was effectively applied to analyze food, biological, and environmental samples containing naturally occurring Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7830,"journal":{"name":"Analytical biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"115927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Analytical biochemistry","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2025.115927","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The determination of iron in fortified biological and foods samples is mandatory by many global regulatory agencies. A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) composed of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the polymer matrix, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) serving as the plasticizer, and methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) acting as the carrier, has proven effective for the preconcentration and analysis of iron. This method utilizes 2-(2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine-4-ylazo) benzoic acid (AHPAB) as a complexing agent, enabling a straightforward colorimetric detection process. Adjusting the chemical and physical factors influencing membrane efficiency expanded its practical applications. The Fe3+ transport remained consistent under the optimum conditions used in fabricating the PIM. Additionally, employing an acetate buffer at pH 3.66 as the stripping phase facilitated efficient Fe3+ transfer, even in the presence of significant competing anions within the analyzed samples. Total iron content was measured after an on-line oxidation process where Fe2+ was converted to Fe3+ using a hydrogen peroxide stream. The Fe2+ concentration was determined by subtracting the Fe3+ value from the total iron concentration. Mass calibration was achieved within the range compatible with ICP-AES. The detection limit, defined as 3σsβ/S, was 1.75 ng/mL. Repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) from nine measurements at 60 ng/mL, was 1.75%, while the inter-sensor repeatability across five chelating sensors was 2.5%. Furthermore, highlight the potential advantages of incorporating AHPAB into PIMs, such as improved stability, reusability, and enhanced selectivity for Fe ions was achieved. The validated PIM-based method was effectively applied to analyze food, biological, and environmental samples containing naturally occurring Fe2+ ions.
期刊介绍:
The journal''s title Analytical Biochemistry: Methods in the Biological Sciences declares its broad scope: methods for the basic biological sciences that include biochemistry, molecular genetics, cell biology, proteomics, immunology, bioinformatics and wherever the frontiers of research take the field.
The emphasis is on methods from the strictly analytical to the more preparative that would include novel approaches to protein purification as well as improvements in cell and organ culture. The actual techniques are equally inclusive ranging from aptamers to zymology.
The journal has been particularly active in:
-Analytical techniques for biological molecules-
Aptamer selection and utilization-
Biosensors-
Chromatography-
Cloning, sequencing and mutagenesis-
Electrochemical methods-
Electrophoresis-
Enzyme characterization methods-
Immunological approaches-
Mass spectrometry of proteins and nucleic acids-
Metabolomics-
Nano level techniques-
Optical spectroscopy in all its forms.
The journal is reluctant to include most drug and strictly clinical studies as there are more suitable publication platforms for these types of papers.