Exploring nucleotide and non-nucleotide cGAS-STING agonists: Therapeutic applications and future directions in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

The STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway plays a crucial role in immune defense against carcinoma. This review highlights its role in antigen response, tumor infiltration, and T-cell activation. Despite the promise of STING agonists, challenges like drug stability and toxicity hinder clinical success. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery and combinatorial strategies offer potential solutions to enhance efficacy and minimize resistance. Ongoing research focuses on developing novel STING agonists for improved cancer treatment. This article explores the pathway’s immunological significance, biochemical mechanisms, and pharmacological hurdles while discussing strategies to enhance the potency, safety, and therapeutic potential of STING-targeted therapies.