Hanne Frederiksen , Holger M. Koch , Stine Müller , Margit Bistrup Fischer , Gylli Mola , Casper P. Hagen , Anders Juul , Tina Kold Jensen , Anna-Maria Andersson
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHxP) is one of the most potent phthalates with adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Despite a European ban on DnHxP since 2020, high urinary excretion of mono-n-hexyl phthalate (MnHxP), the major metabolite of DnHxP, has been observed in recent European human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Sunscreen products containing the UV-filter diethylamino hydroxybenzyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), which can be contaminated with DnHxP, were pointed out as a relevant source of exposure to DnHxP.
Objective
To study possible seasonal variation in urinary excretion of MnHxP in different Danish study populations.
Method
MnHxP was measured by LC-MS/MS in 1591 urine samples collected in 2016–2022 from pregnant women, 7-year-old children, and infants and their parents participating in three different cohort studies.
Results
Urinary MnHxP was above the limit of detection (0.04 μg/L) in 84 % and above 1 μg/L in 33 % of samples. The 7-year-old children was the study population with the highest excretion rate (97 %). The highest urinary MnHxP concentration (72.5 μg/L) exceeded the health-based guidance value (HBM-I value) of 60 μg/L.
A significantly higher urinary excretion of MnHxP was observed in the summer compared to the winter season in all study populations. 80 % of the urine samples with MnHxP concentrations > 1 μg/L were from the summer season. 40 % of Danish sunscreen products contain DHHB.
Conclusion
The marked seasonal variation with higher MnHxP excretions in the summer season supports the hypothesis that the recently unveiled DnHxP contamination of the UV-filter DHHB in sunscreen products could be driving these exposures.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.