An expert opinion-based perspective on emerging policy and economic research priorities for advancing the low-carbon hydrogen sector

Abstract

This perspective sheds light on emerging research priorities crucial for advancing the low-carbon hydrogen sector considered critical for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions targets especially for hard-to-abate sectors. Our analysis follows a five-step process, including drawing from news media, academic discourse, and expert consultations. We identify twenty-one major research challenges. Among the top priorities highlighted by experts are: (i) Evaluating the trade-offs of hydrogen-fueled power generation compared to hydrocarbon fuels and renewables with alternative storage solutions, and the feasibility of co-firing hydrogen and ammonia with hydrocarbon fuels for backup or independent power generation; (ii) Exploring how global hydrogen trade could be shaped by market forces such as price volatility, geopolitical dynamics, and international collaborations; (iii) Examining the financial considerations for investors from developed nations pursuing hydrogen projects in resource-rich developing countries, balancing costs, investment risks, and expected returns. We find statistically significant differences in opinions on hydrogen/ammonia co-firing for power generation between experts from China and those from the U.S. and Germany.