The prevalence of physiological non-communicable diseases risk factors among Black Africans in peri-urban community In South Africa

IF 1.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102111

Sifundile Zamazulu Maphumulo , Gerrit Jan Breukelman , Brandon Shaw , Ina Shaw

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic, non-transmissible conditions, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounting for 80 % of NCD-related deaths. Their prevalence and associated risk factors vary across populations based on lifestyle, environment, ethnicity, and gender. Urbanization influences physical activity levels and increases exposure to tobacco, alcohol, and processed foods. This study examined selected NCD risk factors among males (n = 50) and females (n = 50) in the peri-urban community of KwaDlangezwa.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the WHO STEPwise approach. Data collection followed three steps: (1) sociodemographic and health behaviour assessments, (2) anthropometric measurements, and (3) blood parameter evaluations. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test for categorical associations. Variables assessed included body mass (BM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels.

Results

Significant gender differences emerged: males had higher systolic blood pressure (126.28 ± 15.01 mmHg vs. 114.32 ± 22.02 mmHg, p = 0.000) and WHR (0.80 ± 0.07 vs. 0.74 ± 0.06, p = 0.000), while females exhibited higher total cholesterol (3.26 ± 0.65 mmol/L vs. 2.90 ± 0.53 mmol/L, p = 0.000). Key risk factors included overweight/obesity (38 %), hypertension (12 %), and high waist circumference (21 %), with overweight more prevalent among females (46 % vs. 30 %) and younger individuals (≤25 years, 50.87 %, p = 0.00).

Conclusion

These findings underscore the urgent need for gender- and age-sensitive public health interventions aimed at reducing modifiable physiological risk factors, particularly overweight, abdominal obesity, and hypertension, in peri-urban communities.

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南非城郊社区非洲黑人生理性非传染性疾病风险因素的流行情况

非传染性疾病（ncd）是慢性、非传染性疾病，心血管疾病（cvd）、癌症、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）占非传染性疾病相关死亡人数的80%。其患病率和相关风险因素因生活方式、环境、种族和性别而异。城市化影响了身体活动水平，增加了接触烟草、酒精和加工食品的机会。本研究调查了KwaDlangezwa城郊社区男性（n = 50）和女性（n = 50）中选定的非传染性疾病危险因素。方法采用WHO STEPwise方法进行横断面研究。数据收集分为三个步骤：(1)社会人口学和健康行为评估，(2)人体测量测量，(3)血液参数评估。统计分析包括描述性统计和Fisher对分类关联的精确检验。评估的变量包括体重（BM）、腰臀比（WHR）、血压（BP）、总胆固醇（TC）和葡萄糖水平。结果男性的收缩压（126.28±15.01 mmHg vs. 114.32±22.02 mmHg, p = 0.000）和WHR（0.80±0.07 vs. 0.74±0.06,p = 0.000）较高，女性的总胆固醇（3.26±0.65 mmol/L vs. 2.90±0.53 mmol/L, p = 0.000）较高。主要危险因素包括超重/肥胖（38%）、高血压（12%）和高腰围（21%），超重在女性（46%对30%）和年轻人（≤25岁，50.87%,p = 0.00）中更为普遍。结论：这些发现强调了迫切需要对性别和年龄敏感的公共卫生干预措施，旨在减少城市周边社区可改变的生理危险因素，特别是超重、腹部肥胖和高血压。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.