{"title":"Efficient treatment of graywater using a multi-array dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet","authors":"Mohammad Mohammad Hosseini, Hamed Taghvaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108178","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for freshwater necessitates innovative and sustainable water treatment solutions. Graywater treatment and reuse have emerged as crucial strategies to alleviate pressure on freshwater resources. This study investigates the application of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma for graywater treatment, a method less explored compared to conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The treatment involved exposing graywater to post-discharge plasma using air as the carrier gas. Plasma-generated reactive species were introduced into the water through bubbling, ensuring efficient mass transfer and enhancing contaminant degradation. Under optimal operating conditions (applied voltage: 7.6 kV, treatment time: 60 min, gas flow rate: 500 mL/min), the system achieved 90 % removal efficiency in a 30 mL reaction volume with an initial graywater concentration of 600 ppm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of plasma-based ozonation for graywater treatment. Ionic analysis showed significant reductions in phosphate (from 38.05 ppm to 15.96 ppm) and sulfate (from 13.65 ppm to 6.23 ppm), both of which are critical components of graywater. Scavenger experiments revealed that singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O₂), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and ozone (O₃) were the primary reactive species responsible for degradation. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma technology as a sustainable and efficient solution for graywater treatment. The findings present a promising approach to addressing global freshwater scarcity through advanced plasma-based oxidation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of water process engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425012504","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The increasing global demand for freshwater necessitates innovative and sustainable water treatment solutions. Graywater treatment and reuse have emerged as crucial strategies to alleviate pressure on freshwater resources. This study investigates the application of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma for graywater treatment, a method less explored compared to conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The treatment involved exposing graywater to post-discharge plasma using air as the carrier gas. Plasma-generated reactive species were introduced into the water through bubbling, ensuring efficient mass transfer and enhancing contaminant degradation. Under optimal operating conditions (applied voltage: 7.6 kV, treatment time: 60 min, gas flow rate: 500 mL/min), the system achieved 90 % removal efficiency in a 30 mL reaction volume with an initial graywater concentration of 600 ppm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of plasma-based ozonation for graywater treatment. Ionic analysis showed significant reductions in phosphate (from 38.05 ppm to 15.96 ppm) and sulfate (from 13.65 ppm to 6.23 ppm), both of which are critical components of graywater. Scavenger experiments revealed that singlet oxygen (1O₂), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and ozone (O₃) were the primary reactive species responsible for degradation. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma technology as a sustainable and efficient solution for graywater treatment. The findings present a promising approach to addressing global freshwater scarcity through advanced plasma-based oxidation processes.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies