Unlock the code of MHC II-enabled Cancer immunotherapy

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104813

Jiaqi Liu , Xueru Song , Wenqi Guo , Wanyi Liu , Shaokang Xu , Yan Yang , Xiaoyuan Chu , Zengjie Lei

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Abstract

Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHC II) molecules present tumor antigens to CD4 + T cells, playing a pivotal role in initiating anti-cancer immunity. Recent discoveries of MHC II expression on atypical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have spurred interest in targeting MHC II for immunotherapy. Emerging therapies seek to enhance MHC II expression in tumors, particularly immunologically “cold” tumors with limited T-cell infiltration, to amplify CD4 + T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. Clinical advances include MHC II-guided personalized vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and combination strategies showing promising efficacy. This review delineates MHC II-mediated immunoregulatory networks across professional and atypical APCs, explores their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and discusses predictive models of MHC II-antigen interactions to advance precision oncology. By elucidating the complexity of MHC II-driven immune regulation, this work aims to optimize immunotherapy design, address tumor heterogeneity, and foster tailored therapeutic approaches for diverse cancer types.

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解锁MHC ii激活癌症免疫治疗的代码

主要组织相容性复合体II类（MHC II）分子将肿瘤抗原呈递到CD4 + T细胞，在启动抗癌免疫中起关键作用。最近发现的MHC II在非典型抗原呈递细胞（APCs）上的表达激发了针对MHC II进行免疫治疗的兴趣。新兴疗法寻求增强肿瘤中MHC II的表达，特别是T细胞浸润有限的免疫“冷”肿瘤，以增强CD4 + T细胞介导的抗肿瘤反应。临床进展包括MHC ii引导的个性化疫苗、免疫检查点阻断（ICB）和显示有希望疗效的联合策略。本文概述了专业和非典型APCs中MHC ii介导的免疫调节网络，探讨了它们作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，并讨论了MHC ii抗原相互作用的预测模型，以推进精准肿瘤学。通过阐明MHC ii驱动的免疫调节的复杂性，本工作旨在优化免疫治疗设计，解决肿瘤异质性，并针对不同类型的癌症培养量身定制的治疗方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 医学-血液学

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

3.20%

发文量

213

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology publishes scholarly, critical reviews in all fields of oncology and hematology written by experts from around the world. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology is the Official Journal of the European School of Oncology (ESO) and the International Society of Liquid Biopsy.