Tools and databases for non-coding RNAs.

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in various cellular processes, challenging the earlier notion that non-coding regions of the genome are merely "junk DNA." Advances in molecular biology and sequencing technologies have revealed that these regions contain essential genetic elements, including ncRNAs, which influence gene regulation and other biological functions. As the significance of ncRNAs in human health and disease becomes increasingly clear, researchers have developed methods to identify, annotate, and classify these molecules into distinct types. Additionally, a growing interest has emerged in studying genetic variations within ncRNA genes and their potential implications in disease development. Understanding these variations can provide insights into how ncRNAs contribute to gene regulation and cellular function. This article explores the current landscape of ncRNA research, highlighting the latest techniques for detecting and identifying different classes of ncRNAs. Furthermore, it discusses computational tools and databases available for annotating ncRNAs and analyzing their functions across various biological processes. By integrating experimental and computational approaches, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of ncRNA roles, paving the way for potential therapeutic applications.