Fildzah Adany , Sugeng Priyanto , Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti , Maja Pranata Marbun , Muhammad Ilyas Zainul Furqon , Amalia Kurnia Amin , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Abdul Aziz , Reva Edra Nugraha , Sudibyo Sudibyo , Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru , Dicky Annas , Indri Yati , Anny Sulaswatty , Muhammad Nur Khoiru Wihadi , Robertus Wahyu N Nugroho , Muhammad Al Muttaqii
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The investigation of the transesterification process of castor oil using γ-Al2O3 and Co-Zn catalysts supported by γ-Al2O3 was carried out with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The amplitude was measured at 37 % and 66 % for a duration of 10 min during the reaction. According to the study's findings, castor oil can be transesterified using ultrasonic waves to produce biodiesel or FAME with the inclusion of different catalysts. The amplitude of the ultrasonic waves significantly affects the production of biodiesel. The highest FAME product yield (89.84 %) was obtained with a Co-Zn/γ-Al2O3 5 % (1:1) catalyst at an amplitude of 66 %. The most abundant FAME compound identified was 9-Octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-methyl ester, accounting for 73.46 % of the total area.
期刊介绍:
Vacuum is an international rapid publications journal with a focus on short communication. All papers are peer-reviewed, with the review process for short communication geared towards very fast turnaround times. The journal also published full research papers, thematic issues and selected papers from leading conferences.
A report in Vacuum should represent a major advance in an area that involves a controlled environment at pressures of one atmosphere or below.
The scope of the journal includes:
1. Vacuum; original developments in vacuum pumping and instrumentation, vacuum measurement, vacuum gas dynamics, gas-surface interactions, surface treatment for UHV applications and low outgassing, vacuum melting, sintering, and vacuum metrology. Technology and solutions for large-scale facilities (e.g., particle accelerators and fusion devices). New instrumentation ( e.g., detectors and electron microscopes).
2. Plasma science; advances in PVD, CVD, plasma-assisted CVD, ion sources, deposition processes and analysis.
3. Surface science; surface engineering, surface chemistry, surface analysis, crystal growth, ion-surface interactions and etching, nanometer-scale processing, surface modification.
4. Materials science; novel functional or structural materials. Metals, ceramics, and polymers. Experiments, simulations, and modelling for understanding structure-property relationships. Thin films and coatings. Nanostructures and ion implantation.