Construction of colorimetric/fluorescent dual-signal probes for the detection of β-galactosidase in senescent cells

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112972

Lei Dong , Lu-Lu Sun , Wen-Jia Li , Jing Xing , Mingchao Tan , Yanan Han , Hai-Hao Han , Li-Ya Niu , Zhong Zhang

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Abstract

The sensitive and selective detection of β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity and spatial distribution holds critical importance for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and associated pathologies. Herein, we present ratiometric probes (1 and 2) integrating dual signals of colorimetric and red fluorescence for precise β-Gal detection in solution and senescent cells. Strategic introduction of chlorine on a tricyanofuran (TCF)-based fluorophore (1) enabled enzyme-responsive absorption shifts from 420 nm to 575 nm in absorption accompanied by remarkable red fluorescence enhancement (>80-fold at 622 nm). These red-shifted photophysical properties were attributed to the enhanced electron-donating ability from β-Gal-released phenolate residue (1-O), which is stabilized through the incorporation of chlorine into the molecular structure. Probe 1 demonstrated exceptional analytical performance with detection limits of 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ U mL⁻¹ (absorption) and 7.4 × 10⁻⁵ U mL⁻¹ (fluorescence), outperforming conventional probes in sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, 1 was allowed to track the endogenous β-Gal in senescent A549 cells with a long sensing period (24 h). This work establishes a framework for designing multimodal optical probes through rational structural improvement, offering broad applicability in senescence research, diagnostic assay development, and therapeutic evaluation.

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衰老细胞β-半乳糖苷酶比色/荧光双信号探针的构建

β-半乳糖苷酶（β-Gal）活性和空间分布的敏感和选择性检测对于阐明细胞衰老和相关病理的分子机制至关重要。在此，我们提出了整合比色和红色荧光双重信号的比率探针（1和2），用于精确检测溶液和衰老细胞中的β-Gal。在基于三氰呋喃（TCF）的荧光团(1)上战略性地引入氯，使酶响应吸收从420 nm转移到575 nm，并伴有显著的红色荧光增强（在622 nm处增强80倍）。这些红移的光物理性质归因于β- gal释放的酚酸残基（1-O）的给电子能力增强，通过在分子结构中加入氯来稳定。探针1表现出优异的分析性能，检测限为1.2 × 10−4 U mL−1（吸收）和7.4 × 10−5 U mL−1（荧光），在灵敏度和选择性上优于传统探针。因此，1可以跟踪衰老A549细胞内源性β-Gal，传感周期较长（24 h）。本研究通过合理的结构改进，为设计多模态光学探针建立了框架，在衰老研究、诊断检测开发和治疗评估中具有广泛的适用性。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.