Nutritional outcomes and impact of malnutrition in a randomised comparison between standard and prolonged time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer

Abstract

Background

Prolonged time to surgery (TTS) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may enable malnourished oesophageal cancer patients' nutritional status to recover better, possibly improving outcomes with fewer complications and better overall survival (OS) after oesophagectomy.

Methods

This is a substudy within a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing outcomes in patients with oesophageal cancer after standard TTS of 4–6 weeks to prolonged TTS of 10–12 weeks after nCRT. Patients were categorised as malnourished or non-malnourished at baseline and compared regarding weight, dysphagia, postoperative complications, and OS.

Results

The mean weight from baseline to time of surgery decreased significantly in patients allocated to standard TTS (p < 0.001) while patients with prolonged TTS recovered during the extended time to similar weight as at baseline (p = 0.131). The mean dysphagia score at the time of surgery improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between patients allocated to standard versus prolonged TTS regarding postoperative complications, regardless of malnourishment status at baseline. No significant differences in OS after prolonged TTS compared to standard TTS, was observed in neither malnourished patients (hazard ratio, HR 1.72 (95 %, CI: 0.82–3.59, p = 0.147) nor non-malnourished patients (HR 1.26 (95 % CI:0.82–1.94, p = 0.291).

Conclusions

Prolonged TTS was associated with better weight recovery at the time of surgery compared to standard TTS. Patients malnourished at baseline did not benefit in terms of less postoperative complications after prolonged TTS.