Derivatization for success: a tutorial review of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method optimization for determining amino compounds

Abstract

The accurate determination of amino compounds in complex matrices is essential for a wide range of applications, from bioanalysis to industry. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique for their identification and quantification. However, the low ionization efficiency and poor retention of some amino compounds present a challenge in mass spectrometric detection, making derivatization a crucial step. This tutorial review provides a comprehensive guide to improving LC-MS methods through derivatization, enhancing detection and quantification. Key aspects of the optimization method are covered, including selection of suitable derivatization reagents, optimization of reaction and chromatographic conditions, and other practical aspects. Drawing on an extensive literature review and experience, this tutorial offers researchers valuable insights into refining LC-MS workflows for methods using derivatization, mainly to determine amino acids and biogenic amines. Serving as both an instructional guide and a practical reference, this study aims to advance the effectiveness of LC-MS-based methods for amino compound determination.