{"title":"Vineyard pruning-wood waste valorisation: sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds.","authors":"Elisabetta Tumminelli, Valeria Cavalloro, Chiara Ingrà, Alessandra Ferrandino, Alessio Porta, Giorgio Marrubini, Emanuela Martino, Daniela Rossi, Simona Collina","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1597833","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The annual production of waste is expected to increase over the next forty years, representing one of the main challenges associated with the global rise in population. Consequently, the transition towards more sustainable development and circular economy constitutes one of the most pressing challenges in the coming decades. Vineyard management generates several thousand tons of waste each year, including wood from pruning. This waste material is particularly rich in secondary metabolites, such as <i>(E)</i>-resveratrol and <i>(E)</i>-ε-viniferin. Accordingly, it represents a valuable source of biologically active phytochemicals with potential industrial outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study aimed to exploit grapevine pruning residues as a source of <i>(E)</i>-resveratrol and <i>(E)</i>-ε-viniferin through the set-up of a low environmental impact procedure which involves first a microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) followed by a protocol suitable for the isolation of <i>(E)</i>-resveratrol and <i>(E)</i>-ε-viniferin from the MASE extract. Different purification techniques, such as liquid/liquid extraction and chromatography, alone or in combinations, were exploited.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Our optimized MASE protocol involves 100% EtOH as extraction solvent, 1 microwave cycle of 5 minutes at 80°C. As regards the isolation procedure, best results were achieved with medium pressure automated chromatography, eluting with n-hexane and ethyl acetate in gradient condition, with or without preliminary liquid/liquid (water/ethyl acetate) extraction. Applying the optimize procedure <i>(E)</i>-resveratrol (0.9 mg/g dry matrix weight) and <i>(E)</i>-ε-viniferin (1.1 mg/g dry matrix weight) were successfully isolated with high purity Moreover, a UHPLC-UV/DAD method suitable for the quantification of <i>(E)</i>-resveratrol and <i>(E)</i>-ε-viniferin was developed to support all the procedures. Keeping in mind eco-sustainable criteria, the greenness of the UHPLC method was evaluated through the open source calculator AGREE: analytical GREennEss Calculator 0.5 beta, while the environmental impact of the whole procedure proposed for the extraction and the isolation of the secondary metabolites was determined using the environmental impact factor (EF), obtaining satisfactory results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1597833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177893/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1597833","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: The annual production of waste is expected to increase over the next forty years, representing one of the main challenges associated with the global rise in population. Consequently, the transition towards more sustainable development and circular economy constitutes one of the most pressing challenges in the coming decades. Vineyard management generates several thousand tons of waste each year, including wood from pruning. This waste material is particularly rich in secondary metabolites, such as (E)-resveratrol and (E)-ε-viniferin. Accordingly, it represents a valuable source of biologically active phytochemicals with potential industrial outcomes.
Methods: The present study aimed to exploit grapevine pruning residues as a source of (E)-resveratrol and (E)-ε-viniferin through the set-up of a low environmental impact procedure which involves first a microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) followed by a protocol suitable for the isolation of (E)-resveratrol and (E)-ε-viniferin from the MASE extract. Different purification techniques, such as liquid/liquid extraction and chromatography, alone or in combinations, were exploited.
Results and discussion: Our optimized MASE protocol involves 100% EtOH as extraction solvent, 1 microwave cycle of 5 minutes at 80°C. As regards the isolation procedure, best results were achieved with medium pressure automated chromatography, eluting with n-hexane and ethyl acetate in gradient condition, with or without preliminary liquid/liquid (water/ethyl acetate) extraction. Applying the optimize procedure (E)-resveratrol (0.9 mg/g dry matrix weight) and (E)-ε-viniferin (1.1 mg/g dry matrix weight) were successfully isolated with high purity Moreover, a UHPLC-UV/DAD method suitable for the quantification of (E)-resveratrol and (E)-ε-viniferin was developed to support all the procedures. Keeping in mind eco-sustainable criteria, the greenness of the UHPLC method was evaluated through the open source calculator AGREE: analytical GREennEss Calculator 0.5 beta, while the environmental impact of the whole procedure proposed for the extraction and the isolation of the secondary metabolites was determined using the environmental impact factor (EF), obtaining satisfactory results.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
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