Unlocking metallic glasses ultra-low friction via high-entropy effect and oxidation

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110507

Xinyi Liu , Yin Du , Xuhui Pei , Hanming Wang , Dongpeng Hua , Qing Zhou , Haifeng Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) hold immense potential as micro- and nano-scale engineering materials, yet their tribological performance remains limited by metastable structures and poor friction behavior. This study achieves superior nanotribological properties in a Ti₂₀Zr₂₀Cu₂₀Hf₂₀Be₂₀ high-entropy BMG (HE-BMG) by synergistically combining high-entropy design with controlled surface oxidation, overcoming limitations of conventional BMG treatments. Nano-scratch testing revealed a 40 % reduction in coefficient of friction (from 0.2 to 0.12) and a 44 % decrease in scratch depth (from 90 nm to 50 nm) for high entropy oxide amorphous surface, alongside a 90 % elastic recovery, far surpassing the as-cast counterpart. Complementary molecular dynamics simulations and nanoindentation uncovered the dual role of the high entropy oxide amorphous surface: its ionic bonding and elevated free volume suppress ploughing and adhesion, while boosting hardness and elastic modulus. This synergy arises from the HE-BMG’s uniform elemental distribution, which curbs oxygen diffusion and yields a uniquely thin yet robust oxide layer compared to traditional BMGs. These findings establish a credible framework for designing low-friction, wear-resistant BMGs, with broad implications for advanced engineering applications.

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通过高熵效应和氧化解锁金属玻璃超低摩擦

大块金属玻璃（bmg）作为微纳米级工程材料具有巨大的潜力，但其摩擦学性能仍然受到亚稳结构和不良摩擦行为的限制。本研究通过将高熵设计与可控表面氧化协同结合，实现了Ti20Zr20Cu20Hf20Be20高熵BMG （HE-BMG）优异的纳米摩擦学性能，克服了传统BMG处理方法的局限性。纳米划伤测试显示，高熵氧化物非晶态表面的摩擦系数降低了40%（从0.2到0.12），划伤深度降低了44%（从90纳米到50纳米），弹性回复率达到90%，远远超过铸态。互补的分子动力学模拟和纳米压痕揭示了高熵氧化物非晶态表面的双重作用：它的离子键和增加的自由体积抑制了耕种和粘附，同时提高了硬度和弹性模量。这种协同作用源于HE-BMG均匀的元素分布，与传统的bmg相比，它可以抑制氧气的扩散，产生独特的薄而坚固的氧化层。这些发现为设计低摩擦、耐磨的bmg建立了可靠的框架，对先进的工程应用具有广泛的意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

12.80

自引率

17.80%

发文量

769

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (IJMS) serves as a global platform for the publication and dissemination of original research that contributes to a deeper scientific understanding of the fundamental disciplines within mechanical, civil, and material engineering. The primary focus of IJMS is to showcase innovative and ground-breaking work that utilizes analytical and computational modeling techniques, such as Finite Element Method (FEM), Boundary Element Method (BEM), and mesh-free methods, among others. These modeling methods are applied to diverse fields including rigid-body mechanics (e.g., dynamics, vibration, stability), structural mechanics, metal forming, advanced materials (e.g., metals, composites, cellular, smart) behavior and applications, impact mechanics, strain localization, and other nonlinear effects (e.g., large deflections, plasticity, fracture). Additionally, IJMS covers the realms of fluid mechanics (both external and internal flows), tribology, thermodynamics, and materials processing. These subjects collectively form the core of the journal's content. In summary, IJMS provides a prestigious platform for researchers to present their original contributions, shedding light on analytical and computational modeling methods in various areas of mechanical engineering, as well as exploring the behavior and application of advanced materials, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials processing.