Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G against measles and rubella over a 12-year period (2009–2021) in Kilifi, Kenya and the impact of the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine campaign of 2016

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127425

C.N. Mburu , J. Ojal , R. Selim , R. Ombati , D. Akech , B. Karia , J. Tuju , A. Sigilai , G. Smits , P.G.M. van Gageldonk , F.R.M. van der Klis , S. Flasche , E.W. Kagucia , J.A.G. Scott , I.M.O. Adetifa

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G against measles and rubella over a 12-year period (2009–2021) in Kilifi, Kenya and the impact of the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine campaign of 2016","authors":"C.N. Mburu , J. Ojal , R. Selim , R. Ombati , D. Akech , B. Karia , J. Tuju , A. Sigilai , G. Smits , P.G.M. van Gageldonk , F.R.M. van der Klis , S. Flasche , E.W. Kagucia , J.A.G. Scott , I.M.O. Adetifa","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127425","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measles and rubella have been targeted for elimination by the World Health Organization<strong>.</strong> Age-specific population immunity to measles and rubella is important to assess progress towards elimination but data are scarce. We conducted seroprevalence surveys to identify disease-specific population immunity profiles in children and adults in Kilifi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sera from cross-sectional surveys in the Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System (2009–2021) were analysed using a fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Bayesian multilevel regression with post stratification was used to obtain seroprevalence estimates adjusted for the underlying population and assay performance. Associations between seropositivity and age, sex, location and ethnic group were assessed using a mixed effects logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Measles-adjusted seroprevalence showed a significant increase from 88 % in 2009 to 93 % in 2021 (τ = 0.875, <em>P</em> = 0.01). Seropositivity was significantly higher in all age groups compared to those under 9 months. Seroprevalence among children ineligible for the first measles vaccine dose (MCV1) remained low (10–57 %), whereas MCV1-eligible children (9–17 months) had higher seroprevalence (68–91 %). Adult measles seroprevalence exceeded 96 %. Rubella seroprevalence followed a similar pattern, with adults above 88 %. Following the MR campaign, measles seroprevalence increased from 92 % to 96 % in eligible children, while rubella seroprevalence rose from 45 % to 82 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Population immunity for measles significantly increased over the 12-year period suggesting improvement in immunisation program performance. To reduce reliance on frequent SIAs, efforts should focus on optimizing both the timing and coverage of routine doses, particularly ensuring higher coverage of MCV2. The introduction of rubella vaccination has positively impacted immunity in children. Sustaining this immunity is essential to prevent potential gaps in older age groups, which could increase the risk of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Vaccine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X25007224","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Measles and rubella have been targeted for elimination by the World Health Organization. Age-specific population immunity to measles and rubella is important to assess progress towards elimination but data are scarce. We conducted seroprevalence surveys to identify disease-specific population immunity profiles in children and adults in Kilifi.

Methods

Sera from cross-sectional surveys in the Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System (2009–2021) were analysed using a fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Bayesian multilevel regression with post stratification was used to obtain seroprevalence estimates adjusted for the underlying population and assay performance. Associations between seropositivity and age, sex, location and ethnic group were assessed using a mixed effects logistic regression.

Results

Measles-adjusted seroprevalence showed a significant increase from 88 % in 2009 to 93 % in 2021 (τ = 0.875, P = 0.01). Seropositivity was significantly higher in all age groups compared to those under 9 months. Seroprevalence among children ineligible for the first measles vaccine dose (MCV1) remained low (10–57 %), whereas MCV1-eligible children (9–17 months) had higher seroprevalence (68–91 %). Adult measles seroprevalence exceeded 96 %. Rubella seroprevalence followed a similar pattern, with adults above 88 %. Following the MR campaign, measles seroprevalence increased from 92 % to 96 % in eligible children, while rubella seroprevalence rose from 45 % to 82 %.

Conclusion

Population immunity for measles significantly increased over the 12-year period suggesting improvement in immunisation program performance. To reduce reliance on frequent SIAs, efforts should focus on optimizing both the timing and coverage of routine doses, particularly ensuring higher coverage of MCV2. The introduction of rubella vaccination has positively impacted immunity in children. Sustaining this immunity is essential to prevent potential gaps in older age groups, which could increase the risk of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in infants.

查看原文本刊更多论文

肯尼亚基利菲12年期间（2009-2021年）麻疹和风疹免疫球蛋白G血清阳性率以及2016年麻疹-风疹疫苗运动的影响

麻疹和风疹已被世界卫生组织定为消除目标。特定年龄人群对麻疹和风疹的免疫力对于评估消除进展情况很重要，但数据很少。我们进行了血清患病率调查，以确定基利菲儿童和成人的疾病特异性人群免疫概况。方法采用基于荧光珠的多重免疫分析法对Kilifi健康人口监测系统（2009-2021）横断面调查的血清进行分析。采用分层后的贝叶斯多水平回归来获得根据潜在人群和检测性能调整的血清阳性率估计。使用混合效应逻辑回归评估血清阳性与年龄、性别、地点和种族之间的关系。结果经麻疹调整后的血清患病率由2009年的88%上升至2021年的93% （τ = 0.875, P = 0.01）。与9个月以下的婴儿相比，所有年龄组的血清阳性均显著高于9个月以下的婴儿。不符合接种第一剂麻疹疫苗（MCV1）条件的儿童的血清阳性率仍然很低（10 - 57%），而符合MCV1条件的儿童（9-17个月）的血清阳性率较高（68 - 91%）。成人麻疹血清阳性率超过96%。风疹血清患病率也有类似的模式，成人在88%以上。在MR运动之后，符合条件的儿童的麻疹血清阳性率从92%上升到96%，而风疹血清阳性率从45%上升到82%。结论12年期间人群麻疹免疫力显著提高，表明免疫规划绩效有所改善。为了减少对频繁补充免疫的依赖，应努力优化常规剂量的时间和覆盖范围，特别是确保提高MCV2的覆盖范围。引入风疹疫苗接种对儿童免疫力产生了积极影响。保持这种免疫力对于预防老年群体中可能出现的缺口至关重要，因为这可能增加婴儿患先天性风疹综合征的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

期刊介绍： Vaccine is unique in publishing the highest quality science across all disciplines relevant to the field of vaccinology - all original article submissions across basic and clinical research, vaccine manufacturing, history, public policy, behavioral science and ethics, social sciences, safety, and many other related areas are welcomed. The submission categories as given in the Guide for Authors indicate where we receive the most papers. Papers outside these major areas are also welcome and authors are encouraged to contact us with specific questions.