Endocrine Disruptors and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has prompted more research on both genetic and environmental risk factors, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This review focuses on studies published between 2013 and December 2023 that explore the potential impact of BPA and PCBs on ADHD. The review draws from databases such as WOS, PubMed, and Scopus. BPA, a chemical commonly used in plastics and resins, has raised concerns due to its potential neurodevelopmental effects, particularly when exposure occurs prenatally. Multiple studies have suggested an association between prenatal BPA exposure and an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, though more research is needed. Similarly, PCBs, which are persistent environmental pollutants primarily found in contaminated food sources, have been linked to cognitive and behavioral issues, including attention deficits and hyperactivity. Both BPA and PCBs have been shown to disrupt neurodevelopment, underscoring the importance of regulating these chemicals to safeguard children’s health. While these findings highlight a potential risk, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the precise role these EDCs play in the development of ADHD and other neurobehavioral disorders.