Optimization of translucent perovskite solar cells based on MoO3/metal/MoO3 multilayer transparent electrodes

Abstract

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) are very attractive in the field of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The realization of high-performance ST-PSCs crucially relies on the development of transparent top electrodes capable of simultaneously achieving low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance. Among various configurations, Oxide/Metal/Oxide (OMO) multilayer architectures − such as MoO₃/Ag/MoO₃ or MoO₃/Au/MoO₃ − have demonstrated exceptional optoelectronic performance metrics. These structures leverage the metal layer’s electrical conductivity while utilizing oxide layers for both optical impedance matching and environmental protection, effectively suppressing interfacial recombination losses through work function alignment (ΔΦ < 0.3 eV). To realize highly transparent electrodes with excellent conductivity, in this study, we simulated three novel OMO transparent electrodes based on Au-Ag, Cu-Au, and Ag-Cu bilayer films as the top anode of translucent n-i-p chalcogenide solar cells, and the best devices showed power conversion efficiencies(PCE) up to 15.1 % and 15.2 %, respectively. The maximum average visible transmittance was 18.3 %, 19.4 %, and 20.6 %, and the maximum light utilization efficiency was 2.76 %, 2.87 %, and 3.13 %, respectively. Simulations based on these three types of thin-film cells will be beneficial to better investigate the effect of transparent electrodes on perovskite solar cells.