Initiating the commercialization of genetically modified staple crops in China: domestic biotechnological advancements, regulatory milestones, and governance frameworks.

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI:10.1080/21645698.2025.2520664

Tianheng Mou,Qiuchi Song,Yonghong Liu,Jun Song

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Abstract

Historically, China's approach to genetically modified (GM) staple crops has been cautious. However, in 2021, China launched its first pilot program for the commercial cultivation of GM food crops and subsequently expanded their cultivation. Previously, the only GM plants cultivated in China were insect-resistant cotton and virus-resistant papaya. The regulatory and policy shifts, from initial research and cautious development to accelerated commercialization, led to significant changes in China's safety-related regulatory framework for genetically modified organism (GMOs). Here, China's progress in GMO research and commercialization over the past three decades is comprehensively analyzed. This review traces the evolution of core regulations governing GMO safety, summarizes the Chinese model of GMO safety governance, and highlights the remaining challenges as commercialization progresses. The goal was to present the international community with a GMO safety governance model reflecting China's characteristics and practices, offering a Chinese solution to balancing GMO commercial adoption with ecological preservation.

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启动中国主要转基因作物商业化：国内生物技术进步、监管里程碑和治理框架。

从历史上看，中国对转基因（GM）主粮作物的态度一直很谨慎。然而，在2021年，中国启动了首个转基因粮食作物商业化种植试点项目，并随后扩大了种植范围。此前，中国种植的转基因作物只有抗虫棉和抗病毒木瓜。从最初的研究和谨慎开发到加速商业化的监管和政策转变，导致中国转基因生物安全相关监管框架发生了重大变化。本文综合分析了中国近三十年来在转基因研究和商业化方面取得的进展。本文追溯了转基因生物安全核心法规的演变，总结了中国转基因生物安全治理模式，并强调了商业化进程中仍存在的挑战。其目标是向国际社会展示一种反映中国特色和实践的转基因生物安全治理模式，为平衡转基因生物商业应用与生态保护提供中国解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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GM Crops & Food

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