Development and optimization of cilostazol loaded transethosomal gel for improved performance.

IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Midhat Rehman, Saba Sohail, Zakir Ali, Ali H Alamri, Ahmed A Lahiq, Taha Alqahtani, Saleh Alyahya, Fakhar Ud Din
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Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third major leading cause of mortality and morbidity after cardiovascular disease and stroke. Cilostazol (CLZ) being one of the antiplatelet agents is effectively used in DVT. However, its oral administration is associated with several problems, such as gastrointestinal side effects and extensive first-pass metabolism. Herein, CLZ-loaded transethosomes (CLZ-TEs) were prepared and incorporated in chitosan gel (CLZ-TEG) for transdermal administration. Box-Behnken Design Expert® software was used to statistically optimize CLZ-TEs. Particle properties, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of CLZ-TEs were accomplished followed by in vitro release and permeation studies and its comparison with CLZ-TEG, CLZ-dispersion (Ds) and CLZ-G. Moreover, skin irritation and pharmacokinetics studies of the optimized CLZ-TEG were executed. The optimized CLZ-TEs showed a mean particle size of 174 nm, polydispersity index of 0.173, zeta potential of -30 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 99%. TEM exhibited spherical nanovesicles and FTIR demonstrated compatibility of the excipients. Moreover, CLZ-TEG was homogeneous, smooth, and spreadable. Similarly, CLZ-TEG displayed sustained release and enhanced permeation of the CLZ. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study showed significantly improved (p < 0.05) bioavailability of CLZ-TEG when compared with CLZ-G and CLZ-Ds. It was concluded that CLZ-TEG may be a potential candidate for the management of DVT.

西洛他唑运载酶体凝胶的研制与优化。
深静脉血栓形成(DVT)是继心血管疾病和中风之后导致死亡和发病的第三大主要原因。西洛他唑(Cilostazol, CLZ)是一种有效的抗血小板药物,可用于深静脉血栓的治疗。然而,其口服给药有几个问题,如胃肠道副作用和广泛的首过代谢。本文制备了负载clz的转酶体(CLZ-TEs),并将其掺入壳聚糖凝胶(CLZ-TEG)中进行透皮给药。Box-Behnken Design Expert®软件用于统计优化CLZ-TEs。完成了CLZ-TEs的颗粒性质、透射电镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,并进行了体外释放和渗透研究,并与CLZ-TEG、clz -分散体(Ds)和CLZ-G进行了比较。此外,还进行了优化后的CLZ-TEG的皮肤刺激和药代动力学研究。优化后的CLZ-TEs平均粒径为174 nm,多分散性指数为0.173,zeta电位为-30 mV,包封效率为99%。透射电镜显示了球形纳米囊泡,红外光谱显示了赋形剂的相容性。此外,CLZ-TEG均匀,光滑,可涂抹。同样,CLZ- teg表现出CLZ的缓释和增强的渗透。此外,药代动力学研究显示显著改善(p
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
2.90%
发文量
82
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Pharmaceutical Development & Technology publishes research on the design, development, manufacture, and evaluation of conventional and novel drug delivery systems, emphasizing practical solutions and applications to theoretical and research-based problems. The journal aims to publish significant, innovative and original research to advance the frontiers of pharmaceutical development and technology. Through original articles, reviews (where prior discussion with the EIC is encouraged), short reports, book reviews and technical notes, Pharmaceutical Development & Technology covers aspects such as: -Preformulation and pharmaceutical formulation studies -Pharmaceutical materials selection and characterization -Pharmaceutical process development, engineering, scale-up and industrialisation, and process validation -QbD in the form a risk assessment and DoE driven approaches -Design of dosage forms and drug delivery systems -Emerging pharmaceutical formulation and drug delivery technologies with a focus on personalised therapies -Drug delivery systems research and quality improvement -Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs This journal will not consider for publication manuscripts focusing purely on clinical evaluations, botanicals, or animal models.
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