Midhat Rehman, Saba Sohail, Zakir Ali, Ali H Alamri, Ahmed A Lahiq, Taha Alqahtani, Saleh Alyahya, Fakhar Ud Din
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third major leading cause of mortality and morbidity after cardiovascular disease and stroke. Cilostazol (CLZ) being one of the antiplatelet agents is effectively used in DVT. However, its oral administration is associated with several problems, such as gastrointestinal side effects and extensive first-pass metabolism. Herein, CLZ-loaded transethosomes (CLZ-TEs) were prepared and incorporated in chitosan gel (CLZ-TEG) for transdermal administration. Box-Behnken Design Expert® software was used to statistically optimize CLZ-TEs. Particle properties, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of CLZ-TEs were accomplished followed by in vitro release and permeation studies and its comparison with CLZ-TEG, CLZ-dispersion (Ds) and CLZ-G. Moreover, skin irritation and pharmacokinetics studies of the optimized CLZ-TEG were executed. The optimized CLZ-TEs showed a mean particle size of 174 nm, polydispersity index of 0.173, zeta potential of -30 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 99%. TEM exhibited spherical nanovesicles and FTIR demonstrated compatibility of the excipients. Moreover, CLZ-TEG was homogeneous, smooth, and spreadable. Similarly, CLZ-TEG displayed sustained release and enhanced permeation of the CLZ. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study showed significantly improved (p < 0.05) bioavailability of CLZ-TEG when compared with CLZ-G and CLZ-Ds. It was concluded that CLZ-TEG may be a potential candidate for the management of DVT.
期刊介绍:
Pharmaceutical Development & Technology publishes research on the design, development, manufacture, and evaluation of conventional and novel drug delivery systems, emphasizing practical solutions and applications to theoretical and research-based problems. The journal aims to publish significant, innovative and original research to advance the frontiers of pharmaceutical development and technology.
Through original articles, reviews (where prior discussion with the EIC is encouraged), short reports, book reviews and technical notes, Pharmaceutical Development & Technology covers aspects such as:
-Preformulation and pharmaceutical formulation studies
-Pharmaceutical materials selection and characterization
-Pharmaceutical process development, engineering, scale-up and industrialisation, and process validation
-QbD in the form a risk assessment and DoE driven approaches
-Design of dosage forms and drug delivery systems
-Emerging pharmaceutical formulation and drug delivery technologies with a focus on personalised therapies
-Drug delivery systems research and quality improvement
-Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs
This journal will not consider for publication manuscripts focusing purely on clinical evaluations, botanicals, or animal models.