Unusual causes of perineal trauma in paediatric patients: lessons learned from a high-volume colorectal clinic in a low-and-middle-income country.

Abstract

Purpose: In low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC), a non-negligible number of cases of paediatric perineal trauma is observed. Trauma can arise from less conventional mechanisms such as traditional enemas and flame burns, alongside blunt and penetrating injuries. The data on surgical management and long-term outcomes are limited. This study aims to evaluate surgical treatment and continence outcomes post-reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at Johannesburg's Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (2018-2025). Cases of sexual abuse were excluded. Patients were stratified based on whether they required surgical reconstruction. Data analysed included demographics, injury cause, procedures, and long-term continence via the Krickenbeck questionnaire.

Results: Of 20 patients, 10 underwent reconstruction. In the conservative group, 7 (70%) needed a colostomy for sepsis-free recovery. The median age was 3.5 years in the reconstruction group versus 6.6 years in the conservative group (p = 0.039). Traditional enemas caused 60% of injuries in the reconstruction group, while blunt and penetrating trauma was predominant (70%) in the conservative group (p = 0.05). Reconstruction included Swenson pull-through (7), PSARP (2), and perineal body reconstruction (2). The median follow-up was 4 years: 75% of patients achieved continence.

Conclusion: Established anorectal reconstruction techniques are effective for traumatic perineal injuries, providing good cosmetic and continence outcomes.