Uncovering antibiotic resistance: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from dipteran flies in residential dumping and livestock environments.

IF 4 2区生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY

Frontiers in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1586811

Lara de Wet, Itumeleng Matle, Oriel Thekisoe, Kgaugelo E Lekota, Tsepo Ramatla

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Abstract

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses challenges in clinical and environmental contexts due to its capacity to colonize natural ecosystems and antibiotic resistance. This study characterized P. aeruginosa harboured by Diptera flies collected from illegal residential dumping sites and livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) kraals in Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Methods: The P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized using classical microbiological tests and species-specific gyrase B gene PCR assay. Antibiotic resistance (AR) was assessed on the isolates using disc diffusion assay (DDA). Additionally, PCR screened six virulence genes (exoS, plcN, plcH, toxA, lasB, and algD) among the isolates. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to confirm the identity and determine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on selected isolates.

Results: Culture-based and molecular assays showed that P. aeruginosa is prevalent in Diptera flies (Hemipyrellia spp., Synthesiomya spp., Chrysomya spp., Sarchophagidae spp., and Tabanus spp.) from livestock kraals (75%; n = 36/48) and dumping sites (48%; n = 23/48). The most detected virulent gene among the isolates was exoS (96.6%), followed by plcN and algD genes (83.1%), lasB (81.4%), toxA (76.3%), and plcH (47.5%). All P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to metronidazole, sulphamethoxazole, cefazolin and amoxicillin based on DDA. The sulfonamide resistance sulI gene (88.1%) was the most detected ARG from the P. aeruginosa isolates, followed by acc(3)-IV (80.6%) coding for aminoglycoside. WGS revealed that P. aeruginosa isolates belong to the sequence type (ST3808), which is multidrug-resistant and contains ARGs for fosfomycin (fosA), ampicillin (bla _OXA-50), chloramphenicol (catB7), beta-lactamase (bla _PAO), and aminoglycoside (aph(3')-IIb).

Discussion: This study isolated ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa from various Diptera fly species collected from livestock kraals and residential dumping sites. This bacterium is important to "One Health" due to its multidrug resistance character and zoonotic nature. As a result, it requires consolidated control and management policies from the environmental, veterinary, and human health sectors.

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揭示抗生素耐药性：住宅倾倒和牲畜环境中双翅目蝇产生的广谱β -内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌。

铜绿假单胞菌由于其在自然生态系统中的定植能力和抗生素耐药性，在临床和环境背景下提出了挑战。本研究对从南非Potchefstroom的非法居民垃圾场和牲畜（牛、绵羊和山羊）kraals收集的双翅目苍蝇携带的铜绿假单胞菌进行了研究。方法：对铜绿假单胞菌分离株进行经典微生物学检测和种特异性回转酶B基因PCR检测。采用圆盘扩散法（DDA）评估菌株的抗生素耐药性（AR）。此外，PCR还筛选出6个毒力基因（exoS、plcN、plcH、toxA、lasB和algD）。采用全基因组测序（WGS）对所选菌株进行鉴定和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）测定。结果：基于培养和分子检测的方法表明，铜绿假单胞菌在家畜养殖的双翅目蝇（半翅蝇、合生蝇、金翅蝇、食尸蝇和Tabanus）中普遍存在（75%）；N = 36/48)和倾倒地点(48%；N = 23/48)。检出最多的毒力基因为exoS(96.6%)，其次为plcN和algD（83.1%）、lasB（81.4%）、toxA（76.3%）和plcH（47.5%）。所有铜绿假单胞菌菌株均对甲硝唑、磺胺甲恶唑、头孢唑林和阿莫西林耐药。从铜绿假单胞菌分离株中检出最多的ARG是磺胺抗性sulI基因（88.1%），其次是编码氨基糖苷的acc(3)-IV基因（80.6%）。WGS结果显示，P. aeruginosa分离株属于ST3808序列型，具有多重耐药，含有磷霉素（fosA）、氨苄西林（bla OXA-50）、氯霉素（catB7）、β -内酰胺酶（bla PAO）和氨基糖苷（aph（3′）-IIb）的ARGs。讨论：本研究从畜牧场和居民垃圾场收集的各种双翅目蝇中分离出产esbl的铜绿假单胞菌。由于这种细菌具有多重耐药特性和人畜共患性，因此对“同一个健康”至关重要。因此，它需要环境、兽医和人类卫生部门的综合控制和管理政策。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Microbiology MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

9.60%

发文量

4837

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Microbiology is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the entire spectrum of microbiology. Field Chief Editor Martin G. Klotz at Washington State University is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.