Neuroprotective Efficacy of Microwave-Assisted Synthetized 2-(5-Cyclopropyl-6-Thioxo-1,3,5-Thiadiazinan-3-Yl) Acetic Acid in Mitigating Cognitive Deficits in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Mice Model.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, triggering inflammation that ultimately leads to nerve cell death. This study aims to synthesize and characterize 2-(5-cyclopropyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) acetic acid COX-2 and scrutinize the neuroprotective efficacy in a pentylenetetrazole-induced mice model of epilepsy in a mice model. The compound is synthesized via microwave-assisted method and characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron ionization mass Spectroscopy. The vivo experiments involve behavioral assessments (Morris water maze and Y-maze tests) and biochemical analyses (antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory markers). Treatment with the synthesized compound significantly restores antioxidant enzyme levels (catalase, peroxidase peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione), reduces lipid peroxidation, improves cognitive performance, and suppresses the expression of inflammatory proteins (p-JNK, TNF-α, and COX-2). These findings suggest that 2-(5-cyclopropyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) acetic acid possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders.