Assessment of lead and alkali metal ions extraction from crystal glass cups after prolonged contact with daily beverages

Abstract

This study examines the extraction of lead (Pb), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) ions from lead crystal glass cups containing 24 % lead oxide when exposed to common beverages over 30 days at room temperature. The findings indicate a time-dependent increase in ion extraction, following a Langmuir isotherm trend influenced by the beverage types. Comparisons with distilled water and 4 % acetic acid were made to evaluate the glass's compatibility with these drinks. Although lead levels remained within WHO limits, the study highlights potential health risks from lead accumulation with repeated use. These results emphasize the need for informed consumer choices and regulatory measures to reduce health hazards from lead exposure through glassware.