Effect of load variation on the performance of pump-driven chip-level two-phase cooling system

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110070

Hao Cheng , Tongzhi Yang , Yifan Zhao , Leixin Wang , Kexian Ren , Weixing Yuan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

As a critical component of information infrastructure, data centers' thermal management system efficiency directly impacts equipment operational stability and energy utilization efficiency. This paper innovatively proposes a pump-driven two-phase cooling system oriented toward chip-level thermal control and conducts in-depth experimental research on the influence of dynamic thermal loads on the thermal response characteristics of the cooling system. The experimental results indicate that the cooling system can swiftly achieve a stable transition within 4–5 s during load fluctuations. The study reveals that the heat conduction within the chip and the thermal conduction of the TIM account for 71.6 % of the chip's heat transfer thermal resistance. Under extreme test conditions, the maximum temperature difference between chip cores can reach 16 °C. In addition, by increasing the operating temperature of the cooling system, the heat transfer temperature difference of the cooling system can be reduced. The experiments also find that starting and operating the system by loading servers one by one from the bottom of the cabinet upwards is the recommended approach for this system. The safe operating range of the system is determined to be when the outlet quality is below 0.77. Within this range, the cooling system can stably support the start-stop operations of servers as well as dynamic load switching, thereby ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the data center.

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负载变化对泵驱动芯片级两相冷却系统性能的影响

数据中心热管理系统作为信息基础设施的重要组成部分，其效率直接影响设备的运行稳定性和能源利用效率。本文创新性地提出了面向芯片级热控制的泵驱动两相冷却系统，并对动态热负荷对冷却系统热响应特性的影响进行了深入的实验研究。实验结果表明，在负荷波动时，冷却系统能在4 ~ 5 s内迅速实现稳定过渡。研究表明，芯片内部的热传导和TIM的热传导占芯片传热热阻的71.6%。在极端测试条件下，芯片内核之间的最大温差可达16℃。另外，通过提高冷却系统的工作温度，可以减小冷却系统的传热温差。实验还发现，该系统推荐采用从机柜底部向上依次加载服务器的方式启动和运行系统。确定系统的安全运行范围为出口质量低于0.77时。在此范围内，冷却系统可以稳定支持服务器的启停运行和负载的动态切换，从而保证数据中心的高效稳定运行。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.