Can flow cytometry emerge as a high-throughput technique for micro- and nanoplastics analysis in complex environmental aqueous matrices?

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102170

Paola Foladori , Alessia Torboli , Laura Bruni

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Abstract

The potential of flow cytometry (FCM) for monitoring micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in environmental aqueous matrices was explored. FCM has driven interest due to its rapidity, high sensitivity, and potential for automation. This review explores the current potential of FCM for detecting MNPs in environmental matrices, discussing its advantages and limitations from two perspectives: (1) quantification of naturally occurring MNPs, providing insights into the existing plastic pollution; and (2) analysis of traceable MNPs spiked into water matrices. Fluorescent dyes can be coupled with FCM to stain MNP polymers, and co-staining permits the discrimination of plastics from biological cells. When combined with spiked microspheres, FCM becomes an excellent tool for quasi-real-time monitoring of MNPs, improving knowledge about MNP removal efficiency in engineered systems. Given that no other technique allows for such high-throughput analysis of small MNPs, the use of spiked MNPs represents a paradigm shift for future environmental studies of MNPs.

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流式细胞术能否成为一种高通量技术，用于分析复杂环境水基质中的微和纳米塑料？

探讨了流式细胞术（FCM）在环境水基质中监测微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）的潜力。FCM由于其快速、高灵敏度和自动化潜力而引起了人们的兴趣。本文探讨了FCM在环境基质中检测MNPs的潜力，并从两个方面讨论了其优势和局限性：(1)量化自然发生的MNPs，为现有的塑料污染提供见解；(2)分析添加到水基质中的可追溯MNPs。荧光染料可以与FCM结合染色MNP聚合物，并且共同染色允许从生物细胞中区分塑料。当与尖刺微球结合时，FCM成为准实时监测MNP的绝佳工具，提高了对工程系统中MNP去除效率的了解。鉴于没有其他技术允许对小MNPs进行如此高通量的分析，使用加尖MNPs代表了未来MNPs环境研究的范式转变。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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