Research progress on improving the thermal storage performance of molten salt by nanomaterials

Abstract

Due to its scalability, long cycle life, and inherent safety and stability, molten salt thermal storage technology is widely regarded as a leading candidate for advanced energy storage solutions. This technique has demonstrated significant potential in various applications, including waste heat utilization, district heating systems, frequency regulation and peak shaving for thermal power units, and solar thermal energy generation. The commercialization of molten salt thermal storage systems enhances energy efficiency and sustainability due to their superior thermal performance and unique thermophysical characteristics, driving innovation in energy solutions. Dispersing nanoparticles into molten salt enhances thermal storage capacity, creating molten salt nanofluids that improve efficiency in energy storage applications, and this issue has attracted more and more study interest. In this paper, we give a thorough rundown of the production techniques for molten salt nanofluids as well as the thermophysical characteristics of commonly utilized molten salt systems. Along with a thorough explanation of molecular dynamics simulations that look into these enhancements, we also clarify the most recent mechanisms underlying the improvement of thermophysical characteristics in molten salts. The review also examines the advancements made in enhancing the thermal characteristics of molten salts using three typical nanomaterials, with an emphasis on how these materials affect thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. We conclude by examining the difficulties that this sector is currently facing and provide a prediction for future development trends and research avenues.