Unlocking solar potential: Taguchi-optimized idiosyncratic passivation for carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract

This study is focused on unlocking solar potential by Taguchi-optimized idiosyncratic passivation for Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cell devices (PSCs). Perovskite solar cell technology is considered a thin-film photovoltaic technology. The systematic Taguchi method is utilized to optimize four imperative fabrication parameters: electron transport layer (ETL) type, perovskite absorber layer composition, hole transport layer (HTL) type, and perovskite layer annealing temperature. In addition, Idiosyncratic passivating materials are explored in the present study with the anticipation of achieving extraordinary efficiency and stability. Furthermore, a novel methodology of incorporating a synergistic integration of a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) as well as inorganic nanoparticles unswervingly into the perovskite layer alongside a mixed cationic perovskite composition (FA_0.55MA_0.25Cs_0.2PbI₃) is introduced for passivation. Through a series of carefully designed experiments, we identified the optimal fabrication conditions to maximize power conversion efficiency (PCE). After appropriate validation, the champion device (fabricated with the optimal parameters) yielded promising results, with an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.74 V, a short-circuit current density (J_SC) of 21.8 mA/cm², a fill factor (FF) of 0.76, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.26 %. Conspicuously, the synergistic effect of the chosen passivating additives holds significant potential for advancing the commercialization of low-cost PSCs, particularly in applications where large-area devices are required. Thus, this work institutes a robust and reproducible protocol for fabricating high-performance, low-cost carbon-based PSCs demonstrating boosted performance and reproducibility.