Femtosecond Laser Atomic–Nano–Micro Fabrication of Biomimetic Perovskite Quantum Dots Films toward Durable Multicolor Display

Abstract

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as revolutionary materials for next-generation display technologies due to their tunable bandgaps, high color purity, and low-cost fabrication. However, challenges persist in outdoor display applications, including poor stability, inadequate weatherability designs, and multicolor integration difficulties. This study proposes a bioinspired “atomic–nano–micro” fabrication strategy based on femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). By synergizing transient laser thermodynamic modulation with surface micro/nanostructural engineering, dual-functional architectures are simultaneously constructed on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate. The upper layer utilizes laser ablation to generate hierarchical micro/nano structures, forming a lotus-leaf-inspired superhydrophobic surface (contact angle >161°, sliding angle <3°) that provides self-cleaning capability and water-erosion resistance. The lower layer leverages the low thermal conductivity of PVDF to regulate the localized thermal environment, driving directional crystallization of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl/Br/I) QDs with in situ halogen composition control, thereby achieving single-step FsLDW-patterned full-spectrum emission (475–690 nm) and high-resolution patterning (∼20 μm). The resulting films retain over 90% of their initial luminescence intensity after simulated outdoor environmental testing and demonstrate exceptional rain-driven self-cleaning properties, effectively resisting pollutant coverage. This strategy offers an innovative solution for developing perovskite-based luminescent devices that integrate high stability, flexibility, full-color display, and weather resistance.