Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and deltamethrin in three anuran species

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126702

Madelaine A. Empey , Yol M. Reyes , Jeffrey P. Ethier , Caio G.T. Rosa , Vance L. Trudeau

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Abstract

Insecticides aid in eliminating crop pests and mosquito-borne diseases but can harm non-target organisms. The insecticidal Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) produces toxic proteins that are effective against dipteran insects, such as mosquitoes and black flies. Deltamethrin is an insecticide used to eliminate various invertebrates due to its neurotoxic properties. Despite their widespread use, there is limited toxicity data for these insecticides on nontarget organisms, especially amphibians. Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of Bti and deltamethrin products for three North American amphibian species were determined. Chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata), leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles were exposed to VectoBac® 200G and deltamethrin for 96 h. The LC₅₀ values for VectoBac® 200G were estimated to be 513,000 ± 1.15, 78,860 ± 1.10, and 525,363.4 ± 1.13 ITU/L for chorus, leopard, and wood frog tadpoles, respectively. The LC₅₀ values for deltamethrin were estimated to be 2.69 ± 1.06, 7.30 ± 1.05, and 1.15 ± 1.06 μg a.i./L for chorus, leopard, and wood frog tadpoles, respectively. High concentrations of VectoBac® 200G may cause mortality, whereas low concentrations of deltamethrin induced mortality in all species. Tadpole growth was unaffected, except at high concentrations. These LC₅₀ values and data from literature were used to construct species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of Bti and deltamethrin products. Analysis of SSDs revealed that amphibian species were relatively tolerant of Bti products and susceptible to deltamethrin exposure.

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苏云金芽孢杆菌和溴氰菊酯对三种蝇类的毒性研究

杀虫剂有助于消灭农作物害虫和蚊媒疾病，但可能伤害非目标生物。杀虫的革兰氏阳性土壤细菌以色列苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bti）产生有毒蛋白质，对双翅目昆虫，如蚊子和黑蝇有效。溴氰菊酯是一种用于消灭各种无脊椎动物的杀虫剂，因为它具有神经毒性。尽管它们被广泛使用，但这些杀虫剂对非目标生物，特别是两栖动物的毒性数据有限。测定了溴氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯对北美3种两栖动物的中位致死浓度（LC50）。将合唱团蛙（Pseudacris maculata）、豹蛙（Lithobates pipiens）和林蛙（Lithobates sylvaticus）蝌蚪暴露于VectoBac®200G和溴氰菊酯中96小时。VectoBac®200G的LC50值估计分别为513,000±1.15,78,860±1.10和525,363.4±1.13 ITU/L，分别用于合唱，豹和木蛙蝌蚪。结果表明，溴氰菊酯的LC50值分别为2.69±1.06、7.30±1.05和1.15±1.06 μg a.i./L。高浓度的VectoBac®200G可能导致死亡，而低浓度的溴氰菊酯会导致所有物种死亡。除高浓度外，蝌蚪的生长不受影响。利用LC50值和文献数据构建溴氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯产品的物种敏感性分布（ssd）。ssd分析表明，两栖动物对Bti产品具有较强的耐受性，对溴氰菊酯敏感。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.