Zheng Hao Chen, Gabrielle Jacobson, Myrtha E. Reyna, Paula Parvulescu, Russell J. de Souza, Mark R. Palmert, Wendy Lou, Susan C. Campisi, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Theo J. Moraes, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Padmaja Subbarao, Kozeta Miliku
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
We aimed to understand data-driven dietary patterns in Canadian preschoolers and their impact on obesity development among male and female individuals.
Methods
In the prospective, population-based Canadian pregnancy cohort, the CHILD Cohort Study (N = 2219), dietary intake was assessed at age 3 years using a previously developed 112-item food frequency questionnaire. At age 5 years, we measured height, weight, and waist circumference and calculated BMI and waist circumference z scores. Obesity was defined as BMI z score > 2. We used principal components analysis to derive dietary patterns and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses to determine dietary patterns' associations with BMI and waist circumference z scores, as well as obesity status.
Results
Among Canadian preschoolers, we identified three dietary patterns: “Prudent” (high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish); “Western-like” (high in fast foods, red/processed meats, and carbonated drinks); and “Refined Grain-Snack” (high in refined grains, dairy, and salty snacks). At age 5 years, 4.7% of the children were living with obesity (3.1% male individuals and 1.6% female individuals). Females adhering to the Refined Grain-Snack pattern had higher waist circumference z scores (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.25) and 2.74-fold odds of living with obesity (95% CI: 1.29–5.85). No significant associations were observed among male individuals or with other dietary patterns and obesity outcomes among female individuals.
Conclusions
Preschool dietary patterns are associated with sex-biased obesity development, highlighting the need for further research to explore these differences and inform targeted obesity prevention strategies during this important developmental period.
期刊介绍:
Obesity is the official journal of The Obesity Society and is the premier source of information for increasing knowledge, fostering translational research from basic to population science, and promoting better treatment for people with obesity. Obesity publishes important peer-reviewed research and cutting-edge reviews, commentaries, and public health and medical developments.