Associations of dietary patterns and obesity development in school-aged children: results from the CHILD Cohort Study

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1002/oby.24294
Zheng Hao Chen, Gabrielle Jacobson, Myrtha E. Reyna, Paula Parvulescu, Russell J. de Souza, Mark R. Palmert, Wendy Lou, Susan C. Campisi, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Theo J. Moraes, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Padmaja Subbarao, Kozeta Miliku
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to understand data-driven dietary patterns in Canadian preschoolers and their impact on obesity development among male and female individuals.

Methods

In the prospective, population-based Canadian pregnancy cohort, the CHILD Cohort Study (N = 2219), dietary intake was assessed at age 3 years using a previously developed 112-item food frequency questionnaire. At age 5 years, we measured height, weight, and waist circumference and calculated BMI and waist circumference z scores. Obesity was defined as BMI z score > 2. We used principal components analysis to derive dietary patterns and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses to determine dietary patterns' associations with BMI and waist circumference z scores, as well as obesity status.

Results

Among Canadian preschoolers, we identified three dietary patterns: “Prudent” (high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish); “Western-like” (high in fast foods, red/processed meats, and carbonated drinks); and “Refined Grain-Snack” (high in refined grains, dairy, and salty snacks). At age 5 years, 4.7% of the children were living with obesity (3.1% male individuals and 1.6% female individuals). Females adhering to the Refined Grain-Snack pattern had higher waist circumference z scores (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.25) and 2.74-fold odds of living with obesity (95% CI: 1.29–5.85). No significant associations were observed among male individuals or with other dietary patterns and obesity outcomes among female individuals.

Conclusions

Preschool dietary patterns are associated with sex-biased obesity development, highlighting the need for further research to explore these differences and inform targeted obesity prevention strategies during this important developmental period.

Abstract Image

学龄儿童饮食模式与肥胖发展的关系:来自儿童队列研究的结果
目的:我们旨在了解数据驱动的加拿大学龄前儿童饮食模式及其对男性和女性个体肥胖发展的影响。方法:在前瞻性、以人群为基础的加拿大怀孕队列,儿童队列研究(N = 2219)中,使用先前开发的112项食物频率问卷评估3岁时的饮食摄入量。在5岁时,测量身高、体重和腰围,并计算BMI和腰围z分。肥胖被定义为BMI z得分bb22。我们使用主成分分析来推导饮食模式,并使用多变量调整回归分析来确定饮食模式与BMI、腰围z评分以及肥胖状况的关系。结果:在加拿大学龄前儿童中,我们确定了三种饮食模式:“谨慎”(多吃蔬菜、水果、豆类和鱼类);“西式”(大量食用快餐、红肉/加工肉类和碳酸饮料);以及“精制谷物零食”(含大量精制谷物、乳制品和咸零食)。在5岁时,4.7%的儿童患有肥胖症(男性3.1%,女性1.6%)。食用精制杂粮-零食模式的雌性小鼠的腰围z得分较高(β = 0.14;95% CI: 0.03-0.25)和2.74倍的肥胖几率(95% CI: 1.29-5.85)。在男性个体或女性个体的其他饮食模式和肥胖结果中未观察到显著关联。结论:学龄前儿童饮食模式与性别偏倚的肥胖发展有关,需要进一步研究这些差异,并在这一重要发育时期提供有针对性的肥胖预防策略。
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来源期刊
Obesity
Obesity 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
1.40%
发文量
261
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Obesity is the official journal of The Obesity Society and is the premier source of information for increasing knowledge, fostering translational research from basic to population science, and promoting better treatment for people with obesity. Obesity publishes important peer-reviewed research and cutting-edge reviews, commentaries, and public health and medical developments.
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