Effects of Active Interferential Current Stimulation on Swallowing Function in Patients with Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Interferential Current Stimulation on Swallowing Function in Patients with Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
{"title":"Effects of Active Interferential Current Stimulation on Swallowing Function in Patients with Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Interferential Current Stimulation on Swallowing Function in Patients with Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Shinsuke Nagami, Masayuki Kouda, Katsuya Nakamura, Yuhei Kodani, Naoya Obama, Ayaka Yokozeki, Kazuhiro Wakamatsu, Masanori Hirobayashi","doi":"10.1007/s00455-025-10853-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysphagia is prevalent among elderly and neurologically impaired individuals, causing serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Interferential Current Stimulation (IFC), a non-invasive sensory method, may improve swallowing by reducing reflex latency. This study aimed to investigate the effects observed during active IFC stimulation of IFC on swallowing function using Laryngeal Elevation Delay Time (LEDT), Stage Transition Duration (STD), and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Forty-six participants (ages 29-98) undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing studies received IFC stimulation with electrodes bilaterally placed on the thyroid cartilage. Swallowing parameters were analyzed frame-by-frame using ImageJ software. LEDT measured the time from contrast arrival at the bottom of the piriform sinus to maximum laryngeal elevation. STD was the interval from oral bolus transit to pharyngeal swallow initiation. PAS assessed penetration and aspiration severity. LEDT significantly improved from baseline (median [IQR]: 0.15 [0.00-0.35] s) to 10 min during IFC stimulation (0.00 [0.00-0.19] s; p = 0.02, r = 0.46, 95% CI [0.11-0.76]). No significant changes were found in STD (STD1: p = 0.37; STD2: p = 0.37) or PAS scores (PAS1: p = 0.20; PAS2: p = 0.71). Responder analysis indicated substantial individual variability: approximately 70% improved in LEDT, while only 37-45% improved in STD. Higher responder rates were noted among participants with respiratory and cerebral disorders. IFC stimulation significantly shortened swallowing reflex latency (LEDT), suggesting its potential benefit for dysphagia rehabilitation. However, it did not significantly alter stage transition duration (STD) or penetration-aspiration safety (PAS). Further studies should explore long-term effects and optimal stimulation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11508,"journal":{"name":"Dysphagia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dysphagia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-025-10853-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Dysphagia is prevalent among elderly and neurologically impaired individuals, causing serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Interferential Current Stimulation (IFC), a non-invasive sensory method, may improve swallowing by reducing reflex latency. This study aimed to investigate the effects observed during active IFC stimulation of IFC on swallowing function using Laryngeal Elevation Delay Time (LEDT), Stage Transition Duration (STD), and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Forty-six participants (ages 29-98) undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing studies received IFC stimulation with electrodes bilaterally placed on the thyroid cartilage. Swallowing parameters were analyzed frame-by-frame using ImageJ software. LEDT measured the time from contrast arrival at the bottom of the piriform sinus to maximum laryngeal elevation. STD was the interval from oral bolus transit to pharyngeal swallow initiation. PAS assessed penetration and aspiration severity. LEDT significantly improved from baseline (median [IQR]: 0.15 [0.00-0.35] s) to 10 min during IFC stimulation (0.00 [0.00-0.19] s; p = 0.02, r = 0.46, 95% CI [0.11-0.76]). No significant changes were found in STD (STD1: p = 0.37; STD2: p = 0.37) or PAS scores (PAS1: p = 0.20; PAS2: p = 0.71). Responder analysis indicated substantial individual variability: approximately 70% improved in LEDT, while only 37-45% improved in STD. Higher responder rates were noted among participants with respiratory and cerebral disorders. IFC stimulation significantly shortened swallowing reflex latency (LEDT), suggesting its potential benefit for dysphagia rehabilitation. However, it did not significantly alter stage transition duration (STD) or penetration-aspiration safety (PAS). Further studies should explore long-term effects and optimal stimulation parameters.
吞咽困难常见于老年人和神经功能受损的个体，可引起严重的并发症，如吸入性肺炎。干扰电流刺激（IFC）是一种非侵入性的感觉方法，可以通过减少反射潜伏期来改善吞咽。本研究旨在通过喉抬高延迟时间（LEDT）、喉段过渡时间（STD）和穿透-吸入量表（PAS）来观察IFC主动刺激IFC对吞咽功能的影响。46名参与者（年龄29-98岁）接受视频透视吞咽研究，在双侧甲状腺软骨上放置电极，接受IFC刺激。采用ImageJ软件逐帧分析吞咽参数。LEDT测量从造影剂到达梨状窦底部到喉部最大抬高的时间。性病是从口服小丸到咽部吞咽起始的时间间隔。PAS评估渗透和吸入严重程度。从基线（中位数[IQR]: 0.15 [0.00-0.35] s）到IFC刺激10分钟（0.00 [0.00-0.19]s）， LEDT显著改善；p = 0.02, r = 0.46, 95% CI[0.11-0.76])。STD无明显变化(STD1: p = 0.37；STD2: p = 0.37)或PAS评分(PAS1: p = 0.20；PAS2: p = 0.71)。应答者分析显示了显著的个体差异：LEDT大约有70%的改善，而STD只有37-45%的改善。呼吸系统和脑部疾病的参与者应答率更高。IFC刺激可显著缩短吞咽反射潜伏期（LEDT），提示其对吞咽困难康复的潜在益处。然而，它没有显著改变阶段过渡时间（STD）或穿透-吸入安全性（PAS）。进一步的研究应该探索长期效果和最佳刺激参数。
期刊介绍：
Dysphagia aims to serve as a voice for the benefit of the patient. The journal is devoted exclusively to swallowing and its disorders. The purpose of the journal is to provide a source of information to the flourishing dysphagia community. Over the past years, the field of dysphagia has grown rapidly, and the community of dysphagia researchers have galvanized with ambition to represent dysphagia patients. In addition to covering a myriad of disciplines in medicine and speech pathology, the following topics are also covered, but are not limited to: bio-engineering, deglutition, esophageal motility, immunology, and neuro-gastroenterology. The journal aims to foster a growing need for further dysphagia investigation, to disseminate knowledge through research, and to stimulate communication among interested professionals. The journal publishes original papers, technical and instrumental notes, letters to the editor, and review articles.
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