{"title":"Evaluation of Clouds in the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model Using the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package","authors":"S. C. H. Truong, M. Thatcher","doi":"10.1002/joc.8846","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cloud amounts and cloud phases reproduced from single-moment (SM) and double-moment (DM) microphysics schemes within Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) at 105 km resolution are evaluated against CALIPSO-GOCCP and CloudSat observations using the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP). Both schemes demonstrate skill in reproducing liquid and ice clouds. However, a persistent deficiency in mid- and high-level liquid clouds remains, contributing to an underestimation of total cloud cover, particularly in the tropics. A comparison between the SM and DM schemes highlights two key improvements. First, DM-CCAM exhibits better agreement with observed low-level cloud fractions exceeding 60% in the eastern subtropical oceans. Second, it provides a more accurate representation of ice cloud amounts from 30° toward the poles. Further investigation into the vertical structure of clouds over the Tropical Warm Pool, Southeast Pacific Subtropical Stratocumulus region, and Southern Ocean reveals systematic biases in both CCAM simulations. Notably, the model tends to overproduce optically thick clouds while underrepresenting optically thin clouds in the upper troposphere. Additionally, the model simulates a higher occurrence of drizzle and light rain, along with a lower frequency of non-precipitating clouds in the lower troposphere. Future work will explore the impact of increased horizontal resolution (e.g., 4 km) on cloud characteristics within the CORDEX-Australasia domain, which could provide further insights into model performance and inform refinements.</p>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.8846","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Climatology","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.8846","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cloud amounts and cloud phases reproduced from single-moment (SM) and double-moment (DM) microphysics schemes within Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) at 105 km resolution are evaluated against CALIPSO-GOCCP and CloudSat observations using the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP). Both schemes demonstrate skill in reproducing liquid and ice clouds. However, a persistent deficiency in mid- and high-level liquid clouds remains, contributing to an underestimation of total cloud cover, particularly in the tropics. A comparison between the SM and DM schemes highlights two key improvements. First, DM-CCAM exhibits better agreement with observed low-level cloud fractions exceeding 60% in the eastern subtropical oceans. Second, it provides a more accurate representation of ice cloud amounts from 30° toward the poles. Further investigation into the vertical structure of clouds over the Tropical Warm Pool, Southeast Pacific Subtropical Stratocumulus region, and Southern Ocean reveals systematic biases in both CCAM simulations. Notably, the model tends to overproduce optically thick clouds while underrepresenting optically thin clouds in the upper troposphere. Additionally, the model simulates a higher occurrence of drizzle and light rain, along with a lower frequency of non-precipitating clouds in the lower troposphere. Future work will explore the impact of increased horizontal resolution (e.g., 4 km) on cloud characteristics within the CORDEX-Australasia domain, which could provide further insights into model performance and inform refinements.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Climatology aims to span the well established but rapidly growing field of climatology, through the publication of research papers, short communications, major reviews of progress and reviews of new books and reports in the area of climate science. The Journal’s main role is to stimulate and report research in climatology, from the expansive fields of the atmospheric, biophysical, engineering and social sciences. Coverage includes: Climate system science; Local to global scale climate observations and modelling; Seasonal to interannual climate prediction; Climatic variability and climate change; Synoptic, dynamic and urban climatology, hydroclimatology, human bioclimatology, ecoclimatology, dendroclimatology, palaeoclimatology, marine climatology and atmosphere-ocean interactions; Application of climatological knowledge to environmental assessment and management and economic production; Climate and society interactions