Han Zhou;Haojie Chang;David Widén;Ludvig Fornstedt;Gabriel Melin;Christian Fager
{"title":"AI-Assisted Deep-Learning-Based Design of High-Efficiency Class F Power Amplifiers","authors":"Han Zhou;Haojie Chang;David Widén;Ludvig Fornstedt;Gabriel Melin;Christian Fager","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3552495","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a deep-learning-based approach for designing Class F power amplifiers (PAs). We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the scattering parameters of pixelated electromagnetic (EM) layouts. Using a CNN-based surrogate model and an evolutionary algorithm, we synthesize complex Class F output networks. As a proof of concept, we implement a gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT Class F PA, achieving a measured output power of 41.6 dBm and a drain efficiency of 74% at 2.9 GHz. The prototype also linearly reproduces a 20-MHz modulated signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), achieving an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −50.7 dBc with digital predistortion (DPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep-learning-based Class F PA design using pixelated layout structures.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"690-693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10948016","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10948016/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This article presents a deep-learning-based approach for designing Class F power amplifiers (PAs). We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the scattering parameters of pixelated electromagnetic (EM) layouts. Using a CNN-based surrogate model and an evolutionary algorithm, we synthesize complex Class F output networks. As a proof of concept, we implement a gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT Class F PA, achieving a measured output power of 41.6 dBm and a drain efficiency of 74% at 2.9 GHz. The prototype also linearly reproduces a 20-MHz modulated signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), achieving an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −50.7 dBc with digital predistortion (DPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep-learning-based Class F PA design using pixelated layout structures.