Effects of axial load on torsional fatigue of 3D braided carbon fiber composites: Mechanisms and life prediction

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112732

Jikang Li , Zheng Liu , Yuanwen Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xu Chen

{"title":"Effects of axial load on torsional fatigue of 3D braided carbon fiber composites: Mechanisms and life prediction","authors":"Jikang Li , Zheng Liu , Yuanwen Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112732","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are gradually replacing traditional materials in transmission components. This study experimentally investigates the influence of axial loads on torsional fatigue damage evolution and lifetime by integrating three dimensional digital image correlation, acoustic emission monitoring, and micro-computed tomography analysis. A fatigue life prediction model incorporating axial load effects is subsequently established. Results indicate that axial loads significantly modify the torsional fatigue behavior of 3D braided composites by redistributing local strain and altering damage progression. Under 0 MPa axial load, the material exhibited a fatigue life of 2787 cycles. Compressive axial loading (−40 MPa) reduced torsional fatigue life by 47 % compared to the no-axial-load condition, accelerating stiffness deterioration. In contrast, tensile axial loading (40 MPa) extended the fatigue life to 5007 cycles by suppressing interface debonding propagation. DIC analysis revealed that compressive loading induced a three-stage strain accumulation in resin-rich regions. Tensile loading maintained strain field stability through stress redistribution. Combined AE and Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that compressive loading increased the matrix cracking proportion to 84 %, expanded post-failure crack volume by 38 %, and formed spiral divergent damage zones. Tensile loading constrained the damage zone width to 7.6 mm and reduced the interface debonding energy proportion. Finally, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model accounting for mean stress effects induced by axial loads was developed based on microscopic damage mechanisms. The model successfully addresses combined axial-torsional loading effects in 3D braided composites. Experimental validation confirmed that all predicted results fell within the two-fold scatter band.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112732"},"PeriodicalIF":14.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Composites Part B: Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836825006389","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are gradually replacing traditional materials in transmission components. This study experimentally investigates the influence of axial loads on torsional fatigue damage evolution and lifetime by integrating three dimensional digital image correlation, acoustic emission monitoring, and micro-computed tomography analysis. A fatigue life prediction model incorporating axial load effects is subsequently established. Results indicate that axial loads significantly modify the torsional fatigue behavior of 3D braided composites by redistributing local strain and altering damage progression. Under 0 MPa axial load, the material exhibited a fatigue life of 2787 cycles. Compressive axial loading (−40 MPa) reduced torsional fatigue life by 47 % compared to the no-axial-load condition, accelerating stiffness deterioration. In contrast, tensile axial loading (40 MPa) extended the fatigue life to 5007 cycles by suppressing interface debonding propagation. DIC analysis revealed that compressive loading induced a three-stage strain accumulation in resin-rich regions. Tensile loading maintained strain field stability through stress redistribution. Combined AE and Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that compressive loading increased the matrix cracking proportion to 84 %, expanded post-failure crack volume by 38 %, and formed spiral divergent damage zones. Tensile loading constrained the damage zone width to 7.6 mm and reduced the interface debonding energy proportion. Finally, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model accounting for mean stress effects induced by axial loads was developed based on microscopic damage mechanisms. The model successfully addresses combined axial-torsional loading effects in 3D braided composites. Experimental validation confirmed that all predicted results fell within the two-fold scatter band.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

轴向载荷对三维编织碳纤维复合材料扭转疲劳的影响：机理与寿命预测

三维编织碳纤维增强环氧复合材料正在逐步取代传统的传动部件材料。通过三维数字图像相关、声发射监测和微计算机断层扫描分析，研究轴向载荷对扭转疲劳损伤演化和寿命的影响。建立了考虑轴向载荷影响的疲劳寿命预测模型。结果表明，轴向载荷通过重新分配局部应变和改变损伤进程，显著改变了三维编织复合材料的扭转疲劳行为。在0 MPa轴向载荷下，材料的疲劳寿命达到2787次。与无轴向载荷相比，轴向压缩载荷（- 40 MPa）使扭转疲劳寿命降低了47%，加速了刚度的退化。相反，拉伸轴向加载（40 MPa）通过抑制界面脱粘扩展，使疲劳寿命延长至5007次。DIC分析显示，压缩加载在富树脂区诱发了三阶段应变积累。拉伸载荷通过应力重分布维持应变场稳定。AE和Micro-CT联合分析表明，压缩载荷使基体裂纹比例增加到84%，破坏后裂纹体积扩大了38%，并形成螺旋形发散损伤区。拉伸载荷使损伤区宽度限制在7.6 mm，降低了界面脱粘能比例。最后，基于细观损伤机理，建立了考虑轴向载荷平均应力效应的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型。该模型成功地解决了三维编织复合材料的轴扭复合载荷效应。实验验证证实，所有预测结果都落在两倍散射带内。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Composites Part B: Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

24.40

自引率

11.50%

发文量

784

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development. The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.